Kinetics and Heat Exchanger Design for Catalytic Ortho-Para Hydrogen Conversion during Liquefaction
Abstract
A major challenge for hydrogen liquefaction is the required catalytic ortho‐para hydrogen conversion. Efficient liquefaction plants use catalyst‐filled plate‐fin heat exchangers for the conversion. Kinetics of the allotropic reaction are determined using raw literature data on common first‐order and a Langmuir‐Hinshelwood kinetics, including temperature and molar concentration dependencies. Evaluation and comparison of the obtained kinetics results in the first‐order approach as the most stable model. A one‐dimensional continuum reactor model of the counterflow‐cooled, catalyst‐filled plate‐fin heat exchanger is developed and tested combining correlations for heat, mass, and momentum transfer as well as a state‐of‐the‐art equation‐of‐state.
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The kinetics of catalytic ortho-to-para hydrogen conversion comprise seven consecutive steps: diffusion of ortho-hydrogen from the liquid to the catalyst surface; diffusion of ortho-hydrogen in the catalyst pore to the active site; ortho-hydrogen adsorption; surface reaction of ortho- and para-hydrogen; desorption of para-hydrogen; diffusion of para-hydrogen in the catalyst pore to the catalyst表面;
“The kinetics of the catalytic conversion of ortho-to para-hydrogen include seven consecutive steps: (a) diffusion of ortho-hydrogen from the liquid to the surface of the catalyst; (b) diffusion of ortho-hydrogen in the catalyst pore reaching the active site; (c) ortho-hydrogen adsorption; (d) surface reaction of orthoand para-hydrogen (ortho-hydrogen ↔ para-hydrogen);”
From 5917. https://doi.org/10.3390/en14185917. - (2021) · cites this paper as [80]
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- Authors
- Donaubauer, P. J., Cardella, U., Decker, L., & Klein, H.
- Affiliations
- Technical University of Munich (DE)
- Linde Kryotechnik AG Daettlikonerstrasse 5 8422 Pfungen Switzerland
- Corresponding author
- Cardella, Umberto
- Venue
- Chemical Engineering & Technology
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2019-02-06
- Volume
- 42
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 669-679
- ISSN
- 0930-7516 (ISSN-L)
- 1521-4125
- OpenAlex
- W2910537555
- Cited by
- 80
- References
- 28
- Citations by year
- 2026: 9 · 2025: 18 · 2024: 19 · 2023: 11 · 2022: 9 · 2021: 9 · 2020: 4 · 2019: 1
- FWCI
- 4.23
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Update notices
- correction (2019-10-23)
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Chemical Engineering & Technology (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Aerospace Engineering › Spacecraft and Cryogenic Technologies
- Physical Sciences › Materials Science › Materials Chemistry › Hydrogen Storage and Materials
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Mechanical Engineering › Heat Transfer and Optimization
- Keywords
- hydrogen liquefaction, ortho-para hydrogen conversion, reaction kinetics, Langmuir-Hinshelwood kinetics, first-order kinetics, plate-fin heat exchanger, heat and mass transfer correlations, equation of state
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