The DOI matches its Crossref record.
Heat Exchange Between Human Skin Surface and Thermal Environment
Abstract
The sections in this article are: Body Heat Balance Equations: Independent Variables in Human Thermal Environment: Ambient Temperature: Dew‐point Temperature and Ambient Vapor Pressure: Air (and Fluid) Movement: Mean Radiant Temperature or Effective Radiant Field: Clothing Insulation: Barometric Pressure: Time of Exposure: Dependent Physiological Variables in Body Heat Balance Equation: Mean Skin Temperature: Skin Wettedness: Body Heat Storage and Rate Change of Mean Body Temperature: Metabolic Energy: Sensible Heat Exchange by Radiation and Convection: Operative Temperature: Clothing in Sensible Heat Exchange: Radiation Exchange: Mean Radiant Temperature and Effective Radiant Field: Direct Evaluation of Effective Radiant Field: Solar Radiation: Measurement of Radiation Exchange: Convective Heat Exchange: Heat Transfer Theory: Free and Forced Convection: Measurement of Convective Heat Transfer Coefficient: Effect of Barometric Pressure: Evaporative Heat Exchange: Direct Measurement of Evaporative Heat Loss: Maximum Evaporative Heat Loss from Skin Surface: The Lewis Relation Between Heat and Mass Transfer Coefficients: Skin Wettedness vs. Efficiency of Evaporative Regulation: Special Environments: Water Immersion: Hyperbaric Helium‐Oxygen Atmospheres: Rational Temperature Indices of Thermal Environment: Operative Temperature: Humid Operative Temperature: Standard Operative Temperature: Standard Humid Operative Temperature: Standard Effective Temperature: A New Effective Temperature Index: Summary:
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cited by
Considerations for the measurement of core, skin and mean body temperatures
Taylor, N. A. S., Tipton, M. J., & Kenny, G. P. (2014) · Journal of Thermal Biology · doi:10.1016/j.jtherbio.2014.10.006 · Cited by 420
Lin, Z., & Deng, S. (2008) · Building and Environment · doi:10.1016/j.buildenv.2006.11.026 · Cited by 284
Thermal Indices and Thermophysiological Modeling for Heat Stress
Havenith, G., & Fiala, D. (2015) · Comprehensive Physiology · doi:10.1002/cphy.c140051 · Cited by 262
Clothing and thermoregulation during exercise
Gavin, T. P. (2003) · Sports Medicine · doi:10.2165/00007256-200333130-00001 · Cited by 177
Hayashi, K., Kawashima, T., & Suzuki, Y. (2012) · Journal of Applied Physiology · doi:10.1152/japplphysiol.01199.2011 · Cited by 32
Metadata
- Authors
- Gagge, A. P., & Nishi, Y.
- Venue
- Comprehensive Physiology
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 1977-12
- Pages
- 69-92
- ISSN
- 2040-4603 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W1489747128
- Cited by
- 227
- References
- 0
- Type
- other
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
How to cite
Cite CoChat for the checks on this page, and the paper for its own findings.
- This page
- CoChat. (2026). Citation check: Heat Exchange Between Human Skin Surface and Thermal Environment. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1002/cphy.cp090105
- The paper
- Gagge, A. P., & Nishi, Y. (1977). Heat Exchange Between Human Skin Surface and Thermal Environment. Comprehensive Physiology. https://doi.org/10.1002/cphy.cp090105
Data sources
Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.
Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.
