Predicting developmental changes in internalizing symptoms: Examining the interplay between parenting and neuroendocrine stress reactivity
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In this study, we examined whether parenting and HPA‐axis reactivity during middle childhood predicted increases in internalizing symptoms during the transition to adolescence, and whether HPA‐axis reactivity mediated the impact of parenting on internalizing symptoms. The study included 65 children (35 boys) who were assessed at age 5, 7, and 11. Parenting behaviors were assessed via parent report at age 5 and 11. The child's HPA‐axis reactivity was measured at age 7 via a stress task. Internalizing symptoms were measured via teacher reports at age 5 and 11. High maternal warmth at age 5 predicted lower internalizing symptoms at age 11. Also, high reported maternal warmth and induction predicted lower HPA‐axis reactivity. Additionally, greater HPA‐axis reactivity at age 7 was associated with greater increases in internalizing symptoms from age 5 to 11. Finally, the association between age 5 maternal warmth and age 11 internalizing symptoms was partially mediated by lower cortisol in response to the stress task. Thus, parenting behaviors in early development may influence the physiological stress response system and therefore buffer the development of internalizing symptoms during preadolescence when risk for disorder onset is high. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Dev Psychobiol 56: 908–923, 2014.
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The HPA-axis and the inflammatory arm of the immune system respond and habituate differently to various types of stressors.
“Notably, the HPA-axis and inflammatory arm of the immune system respond and habituate differently to various types of stressors (Bowers et al., 2008; Kant et al., 1985; Kuhlman et al., 2014; Pacák, 1999; Pacák et al., 1998, 1995; Sheridan and McLaughlin, 2014; Weiner,”
From Developmental psychoneuroendocrine and psychoneuroimmune pathways from childhood adversity to disease (2017) · cites this paper as Kuhlman et al., 2014
Infants and school-aged children exposed to frequent physical punishment demonstrate exaggerated cortisol responses to psychological stress.
“Infants (Bugental et al., 2003) and school-aged children (Kuhlman et al., 2014) exposed to frequent physical punishment demonstrate exaggerated cortisol responses to psychological stress.”
From Developmental psychoneuroendocrine and psychoneuroimmune pathways from childhood adversity to disease (2017) · cites this paper as Kuhlman et al., 2014
Low maternal warmth during early childhood prospectively predicts impaired down-regulation of cortisol following peak response to acute psychological stress.
“Similarly, low maternal warmth during early childhood prospectively predicts impaired down-regulation of cortisol following peak response to acute psychological stress (Kuhlman et al., 2014).”
From Developmental psychoneuroendocrine and psychoneuroimmune pathways from childhood adversity to disease (2017) · cites this paper as Kuhlman et al., 2014
Different types of stress vary in their salience to key biological systems thought to mediate stress and negative health outcomes.
“Yet, a parallel line of experimental research has demonstrated that different types of stress vary in their salience to the key biological systems thought to mediate stress and negative health outcomes (e.g., Dickerson, Gable, Irwin, Aziz, & Kemeny, 2009; Dickerson & Kemeny, 2004; Kuhlman et al., 2014; Lopez-Duran, Hajal, Olson, Felt, & Vazquez, 2009).”
From Developmental psychoneuroendocrine and psychoneuroimmune pathways from childhood adversity to disease (2017) · cites this paper as Kuhlman et al., 2014
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References 91 · Cited by 32
- Authors
- Kuhlman, K. R., Olson, S. L., & Lopez‐Duran, N. L.
- Affiliations
- Max Planck Society (DE)
- University of Michigan (US)
- Corresponding author
- Kuhlman, Kate R.
- Venue
- Developmental Psychobiology
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2013-09-06
- Volume
- 56
- Issue
- 5
- Pages
- 908-923
- ISSN
- 0012-1630 (ISSN-L)
- 1098-2302
- PMC
- PMC4386609
- OpenAlex
- W1590536410
- Cited by
- 32
- References
- 91
- Citations by year
- 2025: 2 · 2024: 1 · 2023: 1 · 2022: 3 · 2021: 3 · 2020: 3 · 2019: 3 · 2018: 4 · 2017: 2 · 2016: 4 · 2015: 5 · 2013: 1
- FWCI
- 3.71
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Developmental Psychobiology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Deep Blue (University of Michigan) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- International Max Planck Research School for Environmental, Cellular and Molecular Microbiology
- National Institute of Mental Health (R01MH57489, P50MH059396, R01MH057489, MH59396, T32MH015750, NIMH P50)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Child and Adolescent Psychosocial and Emotional Development
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Behavioral Neuroscience › Stress Responses and Cortisol
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Child Abuse and Trauma
- Keywords
- internalizing problems, parenting, hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, cortisol, maternal warmth, middle childhood, transition to adolescence, mediation, late childhood, child development
- MeSH terms
- Child, Child, Preschool, Depression, Fear, Female, Frustration, Humans, Hydrocortisone, Hypothalamo-Hypophyseal System, Male, Parents, Pituitary-Adrenal System, Saliva, Social Isolation, Stress, Psychological, Parenting
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