The DOI matches its Crossref record; 38 of the 38 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Tumor necrosis factor‐α in combination with interferon‐γ, but not with interleukin 4 activates murine macrophages for elimination of Leishmania major amastigotes
Open accessAbstract
We have previously shown that during an infection with Leishmania major, susceptible BALB/c mice, as opposed to mice of a resistant strain (C57BL/6), are primed by lipopolysaccharide for the production of high levels of tumor necrosis factor‐α (TNF‐α) which is known to be a potent macrophage (MΦ) stimulator in other parasitic diseases. In the present study we investigated whether TNF‐α activates MΦ for killling of L. major parasites. In the absence of interferon‐γ (IFN‐γ) or lipopolysaccharide, TNF‐α (0.025—25000 U/ml) failed to activate peritoneal exudate MΦ from BALB/c micefor killling of L. major amastigotes. In the presence of suboptimal doses of IFN‐γ (5 or 10 U/ml), however, TNF‐α mediated a rapid elimination of intracellular parasites, which was highly significant compared to IFN‐γ alone. The combination of TNF with interleukin 4, in contrast, was inactive in this respect and allowed survival of intracellular parasites. From these data we conclude that thepresence of IFN‐γ is curcial for TNF‐α‐mediated killing of L. major parasites by MΦ. Disease progression in susceptible mice thereforeseems to be a consequence of a deficiency of IFN‐γ and a predominance of interleukin 4 rather than the result of an excess amount of TNF‐α.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
The source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“It is worth noting that IFNγ co-operates with other TH1 cell cytokines and acts synergistically to enhance their ability to eliminate pathogens31,32.”
From An Omicron-specific, self-amplifying mRNA booster vaccine for COVID-19: a phase 2/3 randomized trial (2024) · cites this paper as [31]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measured
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
Ding, A. H., Nathan, C., & Stuehr, D. J. (1988) · The Journal of Immunology · doi:10.4049/jimmunol.141.7.2407 · Cited by 2,840
Nathan, C. F., Murray, H. W., Wiebe, M. E., & Rubin, B. Y. (1983) · The Journal of experimental medicine · doi:10.1084/jem.158.3.670 · Cited by 1,962
Heinzel, F. P., Sadick, M. D., Holaday, B. J., Coffman, R. L., & Locksley, R. M. (1989) · The Journal of Experimental Medicine · doi:10.1084/jem.169.1.59 · Cited by 1,454
Kindler, V., Sappino, A., Grau, G. E., Piguet, P., & VASSALLI, P. (1989) · Cell · doi:10.1016/0092-8674(89)90676-4 · Cited by 1,239
Waage, A., Halstensen, A. I., & Espevik, T. (1987) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(87)91728-4 · Cited by 1,085
Characterization of receptors for human tumour necrosis factor and their regulation by γ-interferon
Aggarwal, B. B., Eessalu, T. E., & Hass, P. E. (1985) · Nature · doi:10.1038/318665a0 · Cited by 876
Tumour necrosis factors α and β inhibit virus replication and synergize with interferons
Wong, G. H., & Goeddel, D. V. (1986) · Nature · doi:10.1038/323819a0 · Cited by 707
Recombinant human TNF induces production of granulocyte–monocyte colony-stimulating factor
Munker, R., Gasson, J. C., Ogawa, M., & Koeffler, H. P. (1986) · Nature · doi:10.1038/323079a0 · Cited by 500
Murray, H. W., Rubin, B. Y., & Rothermel, C. D. (1983) · Journal of Clinical Investigation · doi:10.1172/jci111107 · Cited by 403
Bermudez, L. E., & Young, L. S. (1988) · The Journal of Immunology · doi:10.4049/jimmunol.140.9.3006 · Cited by 379
Flagged first, then by citations
Research works printed but not linked: 6
- Clark I. A., 1987, Am. J. Pathol., 129, 192
- Bogdan C., 1989, Clin. Exp. Immunol., 75, 141
- Streck H., 1987, Zbl. Bakt. Hyg. A., 265, 594
- Green S., 1989, J. Leuk. Biol., 46, 306
- Wirth J. J., 1989, Immunology, 66, 296
- Mirkovich A. M., 1986, Clin. Exp. Immunol., 64, 1
Cited by
Sorted by citations
T-cell quality in memory and protection: implications for vaccine design
Seder, R. A., Darrah, P. A., & Roederer, M. (2008) · Nature reviews. Immunology · doi:10.1038/nri2274 · Cited by 1,565
Role of nitric oxide synthesis in macrophage antimicrobial activity
Nathan, C. F., & Hibbs, J. B. (1991) · Current Opinion in Immunology · doi:10.1016/0952-7915(91)90079-g · Cited by 1,523
Multifunctional TH1 cells define a correlate of vaccine-mediated protection against Leishmania major
Darrah, P. A., Patel, D. T., Luca, P. M. D., Lindsay, R. W. B., Davey, D. F., Flynn, B. J., Hoff, S. T., Andersen, P. L., Reed, S. G., Morris, S. L., et al. (2007) · Nature Medicine · doi:10.1038/nm1592 · Cited by 1,364
The immunology of susceptibility and resistance to Leishmania major in mice
Sacks, D. L., & Noben-Trauth, N. (2002) · Nature reviews. Immunology · doi:10.1038/nri933 · Cited by 1,205
Hu, S., Marshall, C., Darby, J. M., Wei, W., Lyons, A. B., & Körner, H. (2018) · Frontiers in Immunology · doi:10.3389/fimmu.2018.00001 · Cited by 982
Metadata
- Authors
- Bogdan, C., Moll, H., Solbach, W., & Röllinghoff, M.
- Affiliations
- Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (DE)
- Corresponding author
- Bogdan, Christian
- Venue
- European Journal of Immunology
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 1990-05
- Volume
- 20
- Issue
- 5
- Pages
- 1131-1135
- ISSN
- 0014-2980 (ISSN-L)
- 1521-4141
- OpenAlex
- W2081798138
- Cited by
- 183
- References
- 38
- Citations by year
- 2025: 2 · 2024: 3 · 2023: 3 · 2022: 2 · 2021: 4 · 2020: 6 · 2019: 1 · 2018: 10 · 2017: 4 · 2016: 4 · 2015: 8 · 2014: 8 · 2013: 9 · 2012: 7
- FWCI
- 19.49
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- Locations
- European Journal of Immunology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Online Publication Service of Würzburg University (Würzburg University) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Research on Leishmaniasis Studies
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Infectious Diseases › Leprosy Research and Treatment
- Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Parasitology › Parasites and Host Interactions
- Keywords
- TNF-α, interferon-gamma, IL-4, macrophage activation, Leishmania major, amastigotes, peritoneal macrophages, lipopolysaccharide, BALB/c mice, C57BL/6 mice, host-parasite interactions
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Drug Interactions, Female, Interferon-gamma, Kinetics, Leishmania tropica, Macrophages, Mice, Inbred BALB C, Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha, Interleukin-4, Mice, In Vitro Techniques
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
