Student or educator? Sign up with your school email and get 6 months of Pro free.
CoChat
Sign Up
Cited by 1,163

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 22 of the 22 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

Pro‐inflammatory cytokines and prostaglandins induce maturation of potent immunostimulatory dendritic cells under fetal calf serum‐free conditions

Jonuleit, Helmut, Kühn, Ulrich, Müller, Gabriele, Steinbrink, Kerstin, Paragnik, Lydia, Schmitt, Edgar, Knop, Jürgen, Enk, Alexander H.·1997·European Journal of Immunology
DOI 10.1002/eji.1830271209
Open this paper in CoChat — free account

Abstract

Culture conditions for human dendritic cells (DC) have been developed by several laboratories. Most of these culture methods, however, have used conditions involving fetal calf serum (FCS) to generate DC in the presence of granulocyte‐macrophage colony‐stimulating factor and interleukin (IL)‐4. Recently, alternative culture conditions have been described using an additional stimulation with monocyte‐conditioned medium (MCM) and FCS‐free media to generate DC. As MCM is a rather undefined cocktail, the yield and quality of DC generated by these cultures varies substantially. We report that a defined cocktail of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)‐α, IL‐1β and IL‐6 equals MCM in its potency to generate DC. Addition of prostaglandin (PG)E 2 to the cytokine cocktail further enhanced the yield, maturation, migratory and immunostimulatory capacity of the DC generated. More importantly, culture conditions also influenced the outcome of the T cell response induced. DC cultured with TNF‐α/IL‐1/IL‐6 or MCM alone induced CD4+ T cells that release intermediate levels of interferon (IFN)‐γ and no IL‐4 or IL‐10. Production of IFN‐γ was significantly induced by addition of PGE 2, while no effect on production of IL‐4 or IL‐10 was observed. Even more striking differences were observed for CD8+ T cells. While MCM conditions only induced IFN‐γ low, IL‐4 neg cells, TNF‐α/IL‐1/IL‐6 promoted growth of IFN‐γ intermediate, IL‐4 neg CD8+ T cells. Addition of PGE 2 again only further polarized this pattern enhancing IFN‐γ production by alloreactive CD8+ T cells in both cultures without inducing type 2 cytokines. Taken together, the data indicate that the defined cocktail TNF‐α/IL‐1/IL‐6 can substitute for MCM and that addition of PGE 2 further enhances the yield and quality of DC generated. TNF‐α/IL‐1, IL‐6 + PGE 2‐cultured DC seem to be optimal for generation of IFN‐γ‐producing CD4/CD8+ T cells.

Overview

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1002/eji.1830271209

Cites

22 of 22 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Verification

Claims the paper makes

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Self-check

Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.

The self-check needs the paper’s full text.

Citations

Cites

Show all 22 references

Cited by

See all 1,163

Metadata

Authors
Jonuleit, H., Kühn, U., Müller, G., Steinbrink, K., Paragnik, L., Schmitt, E., Knop, J., & Enk, A. H.
Venue
European Journal of Immunology
Publisher
Wiley
Published
1997-12
Volume
27
Issue
12
Pages
3135-3142
ISSN
  • 0014-2980 (ISSN-L)
  • 1521-4141
DOI
10.1002/eji.1830271209
OpenAlex
W2115855421
Cited by
1,163
References
22
FWCI
10.84
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review

How to cite

Cite CoChat for the checks on this page, and the paper for its own findings.

This page
CoChat. (2026). Citation check: Pro‐inflammatory cytokines and prostaglandins induce maturation of potent immunostimulatory dendritic cells under fetal calf serum‐free conditions. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1002/eji.1830271209
The paper
Jonuleit, H., Kühn, U., Müller, G., Steinbrink, K., Paragnik, L., Schmitt, E., Knop, J., & Enk, A. H. (1997). Pro‐inflammatory cytokines and prostaglandins induce maturation of potent immunostimulatory dendritic cells under fetal calf serum‐free conditions. European Journal of Immunology. https://doi.org/10.1002/eji.1830271209

Data sources

Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.

Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).

Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.