The DOI matches its Crossref record; 42 of the 42 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Vstm3 is a member of the CD28 family and an important modulator of T‐cell function
Open accessAbstract
Members of the CD28 family play important roles in regulating T‐cell functions and share a common gene structure profile. We have identified VSTM3 as a protein whose gene structure matches that of the other CD28 family members. This protein (also known as TIGIT and WUCAM) has been previously shown to affect immune responses and is expressed on NK cells, activated and memory T cells, and Tregs. The nectin‐family proteins CD155 and CD112 serve as counter‐structures for VSTM3, and CD155 and CD112 also bind to the activating receptor CD226 on T cells and NK cells. Hence, this group of interacting proteins forms a network of molecules similar to the well‐characterized CD28–CTLA‐4–CD80–CD86 network. In the same way that soluble CTLA‐4 can be used to block T‐cell responses, we show that soluble Vstm3 attenuates T‐cell responses in vitro and in vivo. Moreover, animals deficient in Vstm3 are more sensitive to autoimmune challenges indicating that this new member of the CD28 family is an important regulator of T‐cell responses.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
The interaction of TIGIT with PVR and PVRL2 inhibits human NK cell cytotoxicity
Stanietsky, N., Simic, H., Arapovic, J., Toporik, A., Levy, O., Novik, A., Levine, Z., Beiman, M., Dassa, L., Achdout, H., et al. (2009) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.0903474106 · Cited by 3,524
Greenwald, R. J., Freeman, G. J., & Sharpe, A. H. (2005) · Annual Review of Immunology · doi:10.1146/annurev.immunol.23.021704.115611 · Cited by 2,318
Sharpe, A. H., & Freeman, G. J. (2002) · Nature Reviews Immunology · doi:10.1038/nri727 · Cited by 1,712
Yu, X., Harden, K., C Gonzalez, L., Francesco, M., Chiang, E., Irving, B., Tom, I., Ivelja, S., Refino, C. J., Clark, H., et al. (2009) · Nature Immunology · doi:10.1038/ni.1674 · Cited by 1,491
Chemnitz, J. M., Parry, R. V., Nichols, K. E., June, C. H., & Riley, J. L. (2004) · The Journal of Immunology · doi:10.4049/jimmunol.173.2.945 · Cited by 1,246
TACI and BCMA are receptors for a TNF homologue implicated in B-cell autoimmune disease
Gross, J. A., Johnston, J., Mudri, S., Enselman, R., Dillon, S. R., Madden, K., Xu, W., Parrish-Novak, J., Foster, D., Lofton-Day, C., et al. (2000) · Nature · doi:10.1038/35010115 · Cited by 1,174
Self-citationMendelsohn, C. L., Wimmer, E., & Racaniello, V. R. (1989) · Cell · doi:10.1016/0092-8674(89)90690-9 · Cited by 1,111
BTLA is a lymphocyte inhibitory receptor with similarities to CTLA-4 and PD-1
Watanabe, N., Gavrieli, M., Sedy, J. R., Yang, J., Fallarino, F., Loftin, S. K., Hurchla, M. A., Zimmerman, N., Sim, J., Zang, X., et al. (2003) · Nature Immunology · doi:10.1038/ni944 · Cited by 883
Bottino, C., Castriconi, R., Pende, D., Rivera, P., Nanni, M., Carnemolla, B., Cantoni, C., Grassi, J., Marcenaro, S., Reymond, N., et al. (2003) · The Journal of Experimental Medicine · doi:10.1084/jem.20030788 · Cited by 875
Okazaki, T., Maeda, A., Nishimura, H., Kurosaki, T., & Honjo, T. (2001) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.231486598 · Cited by 848
Cited by
Fundamental Mechanisms of Immune Checkpoint Blockade Therapy
Wei, S. C., Duffy, C. R., & Allison, J. P. (2018) · Cancer Discovery · doi:10.1158/2159-8290.cd-18-0367 · Cited by 3,088
Lag-3, Tim-3, and TIGIT: co-inhibitory receptors with specialized functions in immune regulation
Anderson, A. C., Joller, N., & Kuchroo, V. K. (2016) · Immunity · doi:10.1016/j.immuni.2016.05.001 · Cited by 2,096
Immune checkpoint signaling and cancer immunotherapy
He, X., & Xu, C. (2020) · Cell Research · doi:10.1038/s41422-020-0343-4 · Cited by 1,371
Novel immune checkpoint targets: moving beyond PD-1 and CTLA-4
Qin, S., Xu, L., Yi, M., Yu, S., Wu, K., & Luo, S. (2019) · Molecular Cancer · doi:10.1186/s12943-019-1091-2 · Cited by 1,145
Coinhibitory Pathways in Immunotherapy for Cancer
Baumeister, S. H., Freeman, G. J., Dranoff, G., & Sharpe, A. H. (2016) · Annual Review of Immunology · doi:10.1146/annurev-immunol-032414-112049 · Cited by 910
Metadata
- Authors
- Levin, S. D., Taft, D. W., Brandt, C. S., Bucher, C., Howard, E. D., Chadwick, E. M., Johnston, J., Hammond, A., Bontadelli, K., Ardourel, D., Hebb, L., Wolf, A., Bukowski, T. R., Rixon, M. W., Kuijper, J. L., Ostrander, C. D., West, J. W., Bilsborough, J., Fox, B., Gao, Z., Xu, W., Ramsdell, F., Blazar, B. R., & Lewis, K. E.
- Venue
- European Journal of Immunology
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2011-03-18
- Volume
- 41
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 902-915
- ISSN
- 0014-2980 (ISSN-L)
- 1521-4141
- OpenAlex
- W1972338421
- Cited by
- 356
- References
- 42
- FWCI
- 3.07
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
How to cite
Cite CoChat for the checks on this page, and the paper for its own findings.
- This page
- CoChat. (2026). Citation check: Vstm3 is a member of the CD28 family and an important modulator of T‐cell function. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1002/eji.201041136
- The paper
- Levin, S. D., Taft, D. W., Brandt, C. S., Bucher, C., Howard, E. D., Chadwick, E. M., Johnston, J., Hammond, A., Bontadelli, K., Ardourel, D., Hebb, L., Wolf, A., Bukowski, T. R., Rixon, M. W., Kuijper, J. L., Ostrander, C. D., West, J. W., Bilsborough, J., Fox, B., . . . Lewis, K. E. (2011). Vstm3 is a member of the CD28 family and an important modulator of T‐cell function. European Journal of Immunology. https://doi.org/10.1002/eji.201041136
Data sources
Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.
Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.
