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Analysis of estrogenic hormones in municipal wastewater effluent and surface water using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and gas chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry
Abstract
Ahough the estrogenichormones177β-estradiol and 17α-ethinyl estradiol can be quantified in polluted waters by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) and gas chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry (GC/MS/MS), the compounds often are present at concentrations below detection limits. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs) provide a sensitive and robust means of quantifying estrogenic hormones in wastewater effluents and surface waters. Results from ELISA analysis of estrogenic hormones in secondary wastewater effluent indicate concentrations comparable to those that cause vitellogenesis in fish. Confirmatory analyses by GC/MS/MS are consistent with ELISA results. Effluent filtration, using sand filtration or microfiltration, removes approx. 70% of the hormones from secondary effluent, while advanced treatment, using reverse osmosis, removes more than 95% of hormones. The detection limits for estrogenic hormones are approx. 0.1 ng/L in wastewater effluent and 0.05 ng/L in surface water. The ELISA technique provides a relatively simple and practical method of assessing the fate of estrogenic hormones in engineered and natural systems.
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Citations
Cited by
Heberer, T. (2002) · Toxicology Letters · doi:10.1016/s0378-4274(02)00041-3 · Cited by 2,995
Pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs) in the freshwater aquatic environment
Ebele, A. J., Abou-Elwafa Abdallah, M., & Harrad, S. (2017) · Emerging Contaminants · doi:10.1016/j.emcon.2016.12.004 · Cited by 2,023
Aquatic ecotoxicity of pharmaceuticals including the assessment of combination effects
Cleuvers, M. (2003) · Toxicology Letters · doi:10.1016/s0378-4274(03)00068-7 · Cited by 990
Occurrence and Fate of Human Pharmaceuticals in the Environment
Monteiro, S. C., & Boxall, A. B. A. (2010) · Reviews of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology · doi:10.1007/978-1-4419-1157-5_2 · Cited by 451
Yoon, Y., Westerhoff, P., Snyder, S. A., & Esparza, M. (2003) · Water Research · doi:10.1016/s0043-1354(03)00239-2 · Cited by 305
Metadata
- Authors
- Huang, C.-H., & Sedlak, D. L.
- Venue
- Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry
- Publisher
- Oxford University Press (OUP)
- Published
- 2001-01-01
- Volume
- 20
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 133-139
- ISSN
- 0730-7268 (ISSN-L)
- 1552-8618
- OpenAlex
- W2165892441
- Cited by
- 392
- References
- 0
- FWCI
- 20.70
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
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- Huang, C.-H., & Sedlak, D. L. (2001). Analysis of estrogenic hormones in municipal wastewater effluent and surface water using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and gas chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry. https://doi.org/10.1002/etc.5620200114
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