Extracellular Vesicles in Liver Pathobiology: Small Particles With Big Impact
Open accessAbstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are nanometer‐sized, membrane‐bound vesicles released by cells into the extracellular milieu. EVs are now recognized to play a critical role in cell‐to‐cell communication. EVs contain important cargo in the form of proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids and serve as vectors for delivering this cargo from donor to acceptor or target cell. EVs are released under both physiologic and pathologic conditions, including liver diseases, and exert a wide range of effects on target cells. This review provides an overview on EV biogenesis, secretion, cargo, and target cell interactions in the context of select liver diseases. Specifically, the diverse roles of EVs in nonalcoholic steatohepatitis, alcoholic liver disease, viral hepatitis, cholangiopathies, and hepatobiliary malignancies are emphasized. Liver diseases often result in an increased release of EVs and/or in different cargo sorting into these EVs. Either of these alterations can drive disease pathogenesis. Given this fact, EVs represent a potential target for therapeutic intervention in liver disorders. Because altered EV composition may reflect the underlying disease condition, circulating EVs can be exploited for diagnostic and prognostic purposes as a liquid biopsy. Furthermore, ex vivo modified or synthesized EVs can be engineered as therapeutic nano‐shuttles. Finally, we highlight areas that merit further investigation relevant to understanding how EVs regulate liver disease pathogenesis. (H epatology 2016;64:2219‐2233).
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Hepatocyte-derived extracellular vesicles carrying chemokines, inflammatory mediators, and fibrogenic miR-128-3p are increased in NASH and implicated in myeloid and HSC activation.
“Hepatocyte-derived extracellular vesicles (EVs) carrying chemokines, inflammatory mediators, and fibrogenic micro-RNA (miR-128-3p) are increased in NASH and implicated in myeloid and HSC activation (10).”
From Hepatic Stellate Cell-Immune Interactions in NASH (2022) · cites this paper as [10]
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References 97 · Cited by 229
- Authors
- Hirsova, P., Ibrahim, S. H., Verma, V. K., Morton, L. A., Shah, V. H., LaRusso, N. F., Gores, G. J., & Malhi, H.
- Affiliations
- Mayo Clinic (US)
- Corresponding author
- Malhi, Harmeet
- ORCID
- Venue
- Hepatology
- Published
- 2016-10-20
- Volume
- 64
- Issue
- 6
- Pages
- 2219-2233
- ISSN
- 0270-9139 (ISSN-L)
- 1527-3350
- PMC
- PMC5115968
- OpenAlex
- W2520827869
- Cited by
- 229
- References
- 97
- Citations by year
- 2026: 13 · 2025: 13 · 2024: 20 · 2023: 28 · 2022: 23 · 2021: 29 · 2020: 35 · 2019: 27 · 2018: 24 · 2017: 17
- FWCI
- 2.03
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- Hepatology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- Mayo Clinic
- American Liver Foundation
- National Institutes of Health (KL2TR000136, DK 41876, DK 24031, DK59615)
- National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (U01AA021788)
- National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (K08DK097178, R56DK059615, R03DK107402, R01DK024031, R01DK059615, R37DK041876, P30DK090728, R01DK041876, P30DK084567, R01DK057993, R01DK111378, T32DK007198)
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Extracellular vesicles in disease
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Cell Biology › Cellular transport and secretion
- Physical Sciences › Materials Science › Biomaterials › Nanoparticle-Based Drug Delivery
- Keywords
- extracellular vesicles, liver disease, EV biogenesis, EV cargo, cell-to-cell communication, nonalcoholic steatohepatitis, alcoholic liver disease, viral hepatitis, cholangiopathy, hepatobiliary malignancies, liquid biopsy, disease biomarkers
- MeSH terms
- Extracellular Vesicles, Animals, Organelle Biogenesis, Cell Communication, Hepatitis, Humans, Liver Diseases, Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease
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