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Cited by 770Hepatitis C virus researchLiver physiology and pathologyLiver Disease Diagnosis and Treatment

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 48 of the 48 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

Hepatitis C: the clinical spectrum of disease.

Open access
Hoofnagle, J H·1997·Hepatology
DOI 10.1002/hep.510260703
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Abstract

Hepatitis C virus (HCV) accounts for approximately 20% of cases of acute hepatitis, 70% of chronic hepatitis, and 30% of end-stage liver disease in the United States. The acute infection has an incubation period of 7 weeks (range, 4-20 weeks) and is symptomatic and icteric in only one third of patients. Serum aminotransferase levels generally increase greater than 10-fold elevated and as symptoms and signs resolve decrease into the normal range. Antibody to HCV is usually but not always present at the time of onset of symptoms. HCV RNA appears in the serum early during the incubation period, increases in titer and peaks at the time of symptoms, and then disappears in resolving disease. Importantly, 85% of patients with acute HCV infection develop chronic infection. In these patients, HCV RNA remains present and in approximately two thirds of patients, aminotransferases remain elevated in the range of 1.5- to 10-fold the upper limit of normal. The course of chronic hepatitis C is variable. Probably fewer than 20% of patients have symptoms and they are usually intermittent, vague, and nonspecific, largely being malaise and easy fatiguability. A small percentage of patients develop extrahepatic manifestations of hepatitis C, including cryoglobulinemia and glomerulonephritis. It is estimated that 20% to 30% of patients with chronic hepatitis C develop cirrhosis, but the process is generally slow and insidious. Once cirrhosis develops, symptoms are more common and the signs of end-stage liver disease can appear with jaundice, weakness, wasting, and gastrointestinal bleeding. Patients with cirrhosis are also at risk for developing hepatocellular carcinoma. Thus, this important liver disease has protean manifestations but is often insidious and can lead to end-stage liver disease despite the presence of few symptoms and signs of illness.

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Show all 47 references

Research works printed but not linked: 6

  1. Serfaty L, Nousbaum JB, Elghouzzi MH, Giral P, Legendre C, Poupon followed transfusion recipients with acute and chronic non-A, non-B hepatitis. N Engl J Med 1989;321:1494-1500.
  2. Barrera JM, Bruguera M, Guadalupe-Ercilla M, Gil C, Celis R, Gil MP, del Valle Onorato M, et al. Persistent hepatitis C viremia after acute HEPATOLOGY 1995;21:725-729.
  3. Morales TG, Sampliner RE, Bhattacharyya A, Alter MJ. Liver histology self-limiting posttransfusion hepatitis C. HEPATOLOGY 1995;21:639-644.
  4. Alter MJ, Hadler SC, Judson FN, Mares A, Alexander J, Hu PY, Miller in anti-HCV positive persons with normal or minimally elevated amino- transferases. J Clin Gastroenterol 1995;21:301-305.
  5. Farci P, Alter HJ, Wong D, Miller RH, Shih JW, Jett B, Purcell RH. A non-A, non-B hepatitis. N Engl J Med 1992;327:1906-1911.
  6. Gane EJ, Portmann BC, Naoumov NV, Smith HM, Underhill JA, Don- 1995;123:897-903.

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Metadata

Authors
Hoofnagle, J. H.
Affiliations
National Institutes of Health (US)
Corresponding author
Hoofnagle, J H
Venue
Hepatology
Publisher
Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)
Published
1997-12
Volume
26
Issue
Supplement 3
Pages
15S-20S
ISSN
0270-9139 (ISSN-L)
DOI
10.1002/hep.510260703
OpenAlex
W1979931682
Cited by
765
References
47
Citations by year
2026: 3 · 2025: 8 · 2024: 11 · 2023: 8 · 2022: 8 · 2021: 14 · 2020: 9 · 2019: 10 · 2018: 14 · 2017: 11 · 2016: 25 · 2015: 20 · 2014: 32 · 2013: 26 · 2012: 20
FWCI
27.00
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Licence
doi.wiley.com/10.1002/tdm_license_1.1 (tdm, 6483 d)
Locations
  • Hepatology (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Hepatology › Hepatitis C virus research
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Hepatology › Liver physiology and pathology
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Hepatology › Liver Disease Diagnosis and Treatment
Keywords
hepatitis C, hepatitis C virus, acute hepatitis C, chronic hepatitis C, end-stage liver disease, liver cirrhosis, hepatocellular carcinoma, extrahepatic manifestations, cryoglobulinemia, glomerulonephritis, aminotransferase elevation, HCV RNA, incubation period, clinical spectrum
MeSH terms
Acute Disease, Transaminases, Chronic Disease, Hepatitis C, Humans, Severity of Illness Index, Treatment Outcome

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