The DOI matches its Crossref record; 1 of the 1 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Smoking and the risk of gastric cancer in the European Prospective Investigation Into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC)
Abstract
Smoking has recently been recognised as causally associated with the development of gastric cancer (GC). However, evidence on the effect by sex, duration and intensity of smoking, anatomic subsite and cessation of smoking is limited. Our objective was to assess the relation between tobacco use and GC incidence in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC). We studied data from 521,468 individuals recruited from 10 European countries taking part in the EPIC study. Participants completed lifestyle questionnaires that included questions on lifetime consumption of tobacco and diet in 1991–1998. Participants were followed until September 2002, and during that period 305 cases of stomach cancer were identified. After exclusions, 274 were eligible for the analysis, using the Cox proportional hazard model. After adjustment for educational level, consumption of fresh fruit, vegetables and preserved meat, alcohol intake and body mass index (BMI), there was a significant association between cigarette smoking and gastric cancer risk: the hazard ratio (HR) for ever smokers was 1.45 (95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.08–1.94). The HR of current cigarette smoking was 1.73 (95% CI = 1.06–2.83) in males and 1.87 (95% CI = 1.12–3.12) in females. Hazard ratios increased with intensity and duration of cigarette smoked. A significant decrease of risk was observed after 10 years of quitting smoking. A preliminary analysis of 121 cases with identified anatomic site showed that current cigarette smokers had a higher HR of GC in the cardia (HR = 4.10) than in the distal part of the stomach (HR = 1.94). In this cohort, 17.6 % (95% CI = 10.5–29.5 %) of GC cases may be attributable to smoking. Findings from this large study support the causal relation between smoking and gastric cancer in this European population. Stomach cancer should be added to the burden of diseases caused by smoking. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
Riboli, E., Hunt, K., Slimani, N., Ferrari, P., Norat, T., Fahey, M., Charrondière, U., Hémon, B., Casagrande, C., Vignat, J., et al. (2002) · Public Health Nutrition · doi:10.1079/phn2002394 · Cited by 1,866
Self-citation
Cited by
Risk Factors for Gastric Cancer: A Systematic Review
(2018) · Europe PMC (PubMed Central) · doi:10.22034/apjcp.2018.19.3.591 · Cited by 422
Segna, D., Brusselaers, N., Glaus, D., Krupka, N., & Misselwitz, B. (2021) · Therapeutic Advances in Gastroenterology · doi:10.1177/17562848211051463 · Cited by 56
Metadata
- Authors
- González, C. A., Pera, G., Agudo, A., Palli, D., Krogh, V., Vineis, P., Tumino, R., Panico, S., Berglund, G., Simán, H., Nyrén, O., Agren, A., Martinez, C., Dorronsoro, M., Barricarte, A., Tormo, M. J., Quiros, J. R., Allen, N., Bingham, S., Day, N., Miller, A., Nagel, G., Boeing, H., Overvad, K., Tjonneland, A., Bueno‐de‐Mesquita, H. B., Boshuizen, H. C., Peeters, P., Numans, M., Clavel‐Chapelon, F., Helen, I., Agapitos, E., Lund, E., Fahey, M., Saracci, R., Kaaks, R., & Riboli, E.
- Venue
- International Journal of Cancer
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2003-09-24
- Volume
- 107
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 629-634
- ISSN
- 0020-7136 (ISSN-L)
- 1097-0215
- OpenAlex
- W2057982557
- Cited by
- 270
- References
- 1
- FWCI
- 5.25
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
Data sources
Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.
Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.
