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An Introduction to the Application of the Theory of Probabilistic Functions of a Markov Process to Automatic Speech Recognition
Abstract
In this paper we present several of the salient theoretical and practical issues associated with modeling a speech signal as a probabilistic function of a (hidden) Markov chain. First we give a concise review of the literature with emphasis on the Baum-Welch algorithm. This is followed by a detailed discussion of three issues not treated in the literature: alternatives to the Baum-Welch algorithm; critical facets of the implementation of the algorithms, with emphasis on their numerical properties; and behavior of Markov models on certain artificial but realistic problems. Special attention is given to a particular class of Markov models, which we call “left-to-right” models. This class of models is especially appropriate for isolated word recognition. The results of the application of these methods to an isolated word, speaker-independent speech recognition experiment are given in a companion paper.
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Cited by
A tutorial on hidden Markov models and selected applications in speech recognition
Rabiner, L. R. (1989) · Proceedings of the IEEE · doi:10.1109/5.18626 · Cited by 22,743
Self-citationKohonen, T. (1990) · Proceedings of the IEEE · doi:10.1109/5.58325 · Cited by 8,414
An introduction to hidden Markov models
Rabiner, L., & Juang, B. (1986) · IEEE ASSP Magazine · doi:10.1109/massp.1986.1165342 · Cited by 4,775
Self-citationFacial expression recognition from video sequences: temporal and static modeling
Cohen, I., Sebe, N., Garg, A., Chen, L. S., & Huang, T. S. (2003) · Computer Vision and Image Understanding · doi:10.1016/s1077-3142(03)00081-x · Cited by 874
Yu, S.-Z. (2010) · Artificial Intelligence · doi:10.1016/j.artint.2009.11.011 · Cited by 734
Metadata
- Authors
- Levinson, S. E., Rabiner, L. R., & Sondhi, M. M.
- Venue
- Bell System Technical Journal
- Published
- 1983-04
- Volume
- 62
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 1035-1074
- ISSN
- 0005-8580 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2171850596
- Cited by
- 978
- References
- 0
- FWCI
- 11.91
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
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- CoChat. (2026). Citation check: An Introduction to the Application of the Theory of Probabilistic Functions of a Markov Process to Automatic Speech Recognition. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1002/j.1538-7305.1983.tb03114.x
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- Levinson, S. E., Rabiner, L. R., & Sondhi, M. M. (1983). An Introduction to the Application of the Theory of Probabilistic Functions of a Markov Process to Automatic Speech Recognition. Bell System Technical Journal. https://doi.org/10.1002/j.1538-7305.1983.tb03114.x
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