The DOI matches its Crossref record.
Comparative Subchronic Toxicity Studies of Three Disinfectants
Abstract
In separate subchronic toxicity studies, male and female Sprague–Dawley rats received various dosages of chlorine, monochloramine, or chlorine dioxide in their drinking water for 90 consecutive days. None of the disinfectants caused premature death at any of the concentrations used. The highest dose of chlorine tested (250 mg/L) was concluded to be a no observable adverse effect level. At 200 mg/L (the lowest observable adverse effect level), monochloramine produced decreased body and organ weights in both sexes and a small decrease in red blood cell count and serum calcium in males. Chlorine dioxide produced dosage‐related decreases in body and organ weight at concentrations as low as 25 mg/L, but its most significant toxic effect was the induction, at all concentrations, of nasal lesions.
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The 100-mg/ml concentration (5.8-7.7 mg/kg bw/day) was considered a NOAEL in rats.
“The 100-mg/ml concentration (5.8-7.7 mg/kg bw/day) was considered to be a no observed adverse effect level (NOAEL) (Daniel et al. 1990).”
From Inorganic chloramines: a critical review of the toxicological and epidemiological evidence as a basis for occupational exposure limit setting (2020) · cites this paper as Daniel et al. 1990
In Sprague Dawley rats, 90-day monochloramine in drinking water caused reductions in final body weight at 200 mg/l, body weight gain at >=50 mg/l in males and 200 mg/l in females, dose-related decrease in water consumption, and organ weight reductions; histopathology showed no exposure-related changes.
“Reductions in final body weight (at 200 mg/l both sexes) and body weight gain (!50 mg/l in males; 200 mg/l in females) along with a dose-related decrease in water consumption (in both sexes at all concentrations) were noted.”
From Inorganic chloramines: a critical review of the toxicological and epidemiological evidence as a basis for occupational exposure limit setting (2020) · cites this paper as Daniel et al. 1990
Similar effects were reported also in other long-term studies in rats and mice at daily doses of 5-17 mg/kg bw/day.
“Similar effects were reported also in other long-term studies in rats and mice at daily doses of 5-17 mg/kg bw/day (Abdel-Rahman et al. 1984;Daniel et al. 1990;Daniel et al. 1991;NTP 1992).”
From Inorganic chloramines: a critical review of the toxicological and epidemiological evidence as a basis for occupational exposure limit setting (2020) · cites this paper as Daniel et al. 1990
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Research works printed but not linked: 37
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Cited by
Sorted by citations
Wastensson, G., & Eriksson, K. (2020) · Critical Reviews in Toxicology · doi:10.1080/10408444.2020.1744514 · Cited by 30
Metadata
- Authors
- Daniel, F. B., Condie, L. W., Robinson, M., Stober, J. A., York, R. G., Olson, G. R., & Wang, S.
- Venue
- Journal AWWA
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 1990-10
- Volume
- 82
- Issue
- 10
- Pages
- 61-69
- ISSN
- 0003-150X (ISSN-L)
- 1551-8833
- OpenAlex
- W2793293417
- Cited by
- 50
- References
- 0
- Citations by year
- 2024: 1 · 2023: 2 · 2022: 1 · 2021: 2 · 2020: 1 · 2018: 1 · 2017: 2 · 2016: 1 · 2013: 2 · 2012: 4
- FWCI
- 1.77
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- American Water Works Association (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis › Water Treatment and Disinfection
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis › Environmental Toxicology and Ecotoxicology
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Cancer Research › Carcinogens and Genotoxicity Assessment
- Keywords
- subchronic toxicity, chlorine, monochloramine, chlorine dioxide, no-observed-adverse-effect level, weight loss, nasal lesions, red blood cell count, serum calcium
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