Cited by 100Counseling Practices and SupervisionSocial Work Education and PracticePsychology, Coaching, and Therapy

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 1 of the 1 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

The History of Supervision: A Critical Review

LEDDICK, GEORGE R., BERNARD, JANINE M.·1980·Counselor Education and Supervision

Abstract

Leddick and Bernard review the counseling literature and describe the historical evolution of the practice of supervision from a polarized state to its current trend toward collaboration. The authors analyze several therapy models, and describe direct and indirect supervision activities. This article concludes by calling attention to assumptions in the counseling and supervision literature that have yet to receive the benefit of evaluation and research.

Overview

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1002/j.1556-6978.1980.tb00913.x

Cites

1 of 1 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Recomputing p-values needs the paper’s full text.

Verification

Claims the paper makes

This paper’s full text isn’t openly available, so its claims and self-check weren’t run. The registry and citation checks still apply.

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

Citations

Cites

Flagged first, then by citations

Show all 1 references

Research works printed but not linked: 40

  1. 10.1002/j.1556-6978.1977.tb01042.x · DOI
  2. 10.1002/j.1556-6978.1979.tb00906.x · DOI
  3. 10.1002/j.1556-6978.1976.tb01008.x · DOI
  4. Burns M. E.The historical development of the process of casework supervision as seen in the professional literature of social work.Doctoral dissertation. University of Chicago 1958.
  5. Carkhuff R. R., 1967, Beyond counseling and psychotherapy
  6. 10.1002/j.1556-6978.1974.tb00850.x · DOI
  7. 10.1002/j.1556-6978.1972.tb01537.x · DOI
  8. Eckstein R., 1959, The teaching and learning of psychotherapy, 10.1037/11781-000 · DOI
  9. 10.1002/j.1556-6978.1977.tb01027.x · DOI
  10. 10.1002/j.2164-4918.1979.tb05422.x · DOI
  11. 10.1002/j.1556-6978.1973.tb01568.x · DOI
  12. Hackney H., 1973, Counseling strategies and objectives
  13. 10.1002/j.1556-6978.1976.tb01723.x · DOI
  14. 10.1002/j.1556-6978.1972.tb01502.x · DOI
  15. Ivey A. E., 1971, Microcounseling: Innovations in interviewing training
  16. 10.1037/h0026129 · DOI
  17. Kagan N., 1975, Influencing human interaction‐eleven years with IPR, Canadian Counselor, 9, 74
  18. Kell B. L., 1970, Developmental counseling and therapy
  19. 10.1037/h0023399 · DOI
  20. 10.1002/j.1556-6978.1967.tb01895.x · DOI
  21. 10.1002/j.1556-6978.1974.tb01993.x · DOI
  22. Mager R. F., 1962, Preparing instructional objectives
  23. 10.1002/j.1556-6978.1977.tb01043.x · DOI
  24. Mahoney M. J., 1974, Cognition and behavior modification
  25. 10.1002/j.1556-6978.1977.tb01041.x · DOI
  26. 10.1002/j.2164-4918.1974.tb04041.x · DOI
  27. Mueller W. J., 1972, Coping with conflict: Supervising counselors and psychotherapists
  28. Myers R. A., 1971, Handbook of psychotherapy and behavior change: An empirical analysis
  29. 10.1037/h0026255 · DOI
  30. 10.1037/h0033193 · DOI
  31. Payne P. A., 1972, Effects of supervision style on the learning of empathy in a supervision analogue, Counselor Education and Supervision, 23, 212
  32. 10.1002/1097-4679(196704)23:2<212::AID-JCLP2270230230>3.0.CO;2-8 · DOI
  33. Pierce R. M., 1970, Graduate training of facilitative counselors: The effects of individual supervision, Journal of Counseling Psychology, 17, 210, 10.1037/h0029221 · DOI
  34. 10.1037/h0076314 · DOI
  35. 10.1037/0022-0167.24.1.66 · DOI
  36. Stewart N. R., 1978, Systematic counseling
  37. Truax C. B., 1967, Toward effective counseling and psychotherapy: Training and practice
  38. Wachtel P. L., 1977, Psychoanalysis and behavior therapy
  39. Webster N., 1966, Webster's new world dictionary of the American language
  40. Wolpe J.;Knopp W.; &Garfield Z.Post‐graduate training in behavior therapy.Exerta Medica International Congress Series No. 150.Proceedings of the IV World Congress of Psychiatry Madrid Spain 1966.

Metadata

Authors
LEDDICK, G. R., & BERNARD, J. M.
Affiliations
Purdue University West Lafayette (US)
Venue
Counselor Education and Supervision
Publisher
Wiley
Published
1980-03
Volume
19
Issue
3
Pages
186-196
ISSN
  • 0011-0035 (ISSN-L)
  • 1556-6978
OpenAlex
W1995584660
Cited by
100
References
1
Citations by year
2025: 5 · 2024: 1 · 2023: 2 · 2022: 1 · 2021: 3 · 2019: 3 · 2018: 1 · 2017: 1 · 2016: 2 · 2014: 4 · 2013: 1 · 2012: 1
FWCI
5.76
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed
Locations
Counselor Education and Supervision (publishedVersion)
Topics
  • Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Counseling Practices and Supervision
  • Social Sciences › Public Administration › Social Work Education and Practice
  • Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Psychology, Coaching, and Therapy
Keywords
counselor supervision, history of supervision, collaborative supervision, direct supervision, indirect supervision, treatment model, counselor education, research agenda

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review