The DOI matches its Crossref record; 2 of the 2 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Four Parameters of Interest in the Evaluation of Social Programs
Abstract
This paper reviews four treatment parameters that have become commonly used in the program evaluation literature: the average treatment effect, the effect of treatment on the treated, the local average treatment effect, and the marginal treatment effect. We derive simply computed closed‐form expressions for these treatment parameters in a latent variable framework with Gaussian error terms. These parameters can be estimated using nothing more than output from a standard two‐step procedure. We also briefly describe recent work that seeks to go beyond mean effects and estimate the distributions associated with various outcome gains. The techniques presented in the paper are applied to estimate the return to some form of college education for various populations using data from the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
Identification and estimation of local average treatment effects
Imbens, G. W., & Angrist, J. D. (1994) · Econometrica · doi:10.2307/2951620 · Cited by 4,101
Shadow Prices, Market Wages, and Labor Supply
Heckman, J. (1974) · Econometrica · doi:10.2307/1913937 · Cited by 1,852
Self-citation
Cited by
Does matching overcome lalonde’s critique of nonexperimental estimators?
A. Smith, J., & E. Todd, P. (2005) · Journal of Econometrics · doi:10.1016/j.jeconom.2004.04.011 · Cited by 3,176
Does Adaptation to Climate Change Provide Food Security? A Micro‐Perspective from Ethiopia
Di Falco, S., Veronesi, M., & Yesuf, M. (2011) · American Journal of Agricultural Economics · doi:10.1093/ajae/aar006 · Cited by 1,380
Understanding Instrumental Variables in Models with Essential Heterogeneity
Heckman, J. J., Urzua, S., & Vytlacil, E. (2006) · Review of Economics and Statistics · doi:10.1162/rest.88.3.389 · Cited by 874
Self-citationUsing matching, instrumental variables and control functions to estimate economic choice models
Heckman, J., & Navarro-Lozano, S. (2004) · Review of Economics and Statistics · doi:10.1162/003465304323023660 · Cited by 768
Self-citationEstimating Marginal Returns to Education
Carneiro, P., Heckman, J. J., & Vytlacil, E. J. (2011) · American Economic Review · doi:10.1257/aer.101.6.2754 · Cited by 612
Self-citation
Metadata
- Authors
- Heckman, J., Tobias, J. L., & Vytlacil, E.
- Venue
- Southern Economic Journal
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2001-10
- Volume
- 68
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 210-223
- ISSN
- 0038-4038 (ISSN-L)
- 2325-8012
- OpenAlex
- W1543163821
- Cited by
- 262
- References
- 2
- FWCI
- 8.60
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
How to cite
Cite CoChat for the checks on this page, and the paper for its own findings.
- This page
- CoChat. (2026). Citation check: Four Parameters of Interest in the Evaluation of Social Programs. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1002/j.2325-8012.2001.tb00416.x
- The paper
- Heckman, J., Tobias, J. L., & Vytlacil, E. (2001). Four Parameters of Interest in the Evaluation of Social Programs. Southern Economic Journal. https://doi.org/10.1002/j.2325-8012.2001.tb00416.x
Data sources
Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.
Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.