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The toxicology of chromium with respect to its chemical speciation: A review
Abstract
The properties of trivalent and hexavalent chromium are reviewed with respect to acute and chronic oral toxicity, dermal toxicity, systemic toxicity, toxicokinetics, cytotoxicity, genotoxicity and carcinogenicity. The hexavalent chromium compounds appear to be 10–100 times more toxic than the trivalent chromium compounds when both are administered by the oral route. Dermal irritancy and allergy are more frequently caused by contact with soluble hexavalent chromium compounds. The cytotoxicity of soluble and insoluble hexavalent chromium compounds to fibroblasts is 100‐1000 times greater than that demonstrated by trivalent chromium compounds. In short‐term tests, the hexavalent chromium compounds demonstrated genotoxic effects four times more frequently than did the trivalent chromium compounds. Carcinogenicity appears to be associated with the inhalation of the less soluble/insoluble hexavalent chromium compounds. The toxicology of chromium does not reside with the elemental form. It varies greatly among a wide variety of very different chromium compounds. Oxidation state and solubility are particularly important factors in considering the toxicity of chromium with respect to its chemical speciation.
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Citations
Cites
CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics
(2014) · doi:10.1201/b17118 · Cited by 57,706
Cited by
Toxic and genotoxic effects of hexavalent chromium in environment and its bioremediation strategies
Mishra, S., & Bharagava, R. N. (2016) · Journal of Environmental Science and Health, Part C · doi:10.1080/10590501.2015.1096883 · Cited by 513
Zhuang, Y., Yu, F., Chen, H., Zheng, J., Ma, J., & Chen, J. (2016) · Journal of Materials Chemistry A · doi:10.1039/c6ta02738e · Cited by 283
Zhong, D., Zhang, Y., Wang, L., Chen, J., Jiang, Y., Tsang, D. C. W., Zhao, Z., Ren, S., Liu, Z., & Crittenden, J. C. (2018) · Environmental Pollution · doi:10.1016/j.envpol.2018.08.093 · Cited by 214
Polymeric nanofibers for the removal of Cr(III) from tannery waste water
El-Sherif, I. Y., Tolani, S., Ofosu, K., Mohamed, O. A., & Wanekaya, A. K. (2013) · Journal of Environmental Management · doi:10.1016/j.jenvman.2013.08.004 · Cited by 72
Magnetic solid phase extraction as a valuable tool for elemental speciation analysis
Corps Ricardo, A. I., Abujaber, F., Guzmán Bernardo, F. J., Rodríguez Martín-Doimeadios, R. C., & Ríos, Á. (2020) · Trends in Environmental Analytical Chemistry · doi:10.1016/j.teac.2020.e00097 · Cited by 51
Metadata
- Authors
- Katz, S. A., & Salem, H.
- Venue
- Journal of Applied Toxicology
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 1993-05
- Volume
- 13
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 217-224
- ISSN
- 0260-437X (ISSN-L)
- 1099-1263
- OpenAlex
- W2041164185
- Cited by
- 593
- References
- 1
- FWCI
- 5.24
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
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Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.
