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Long-Term Exercise and Bone Mineral Density Changes in Postmenopausal Women—Are There Periods of Reduced Effectiveness?

Kemmler, Wolfgang, Engelke, Klaus, von Stengel, Simon·2016·Journal of Bone and Mineral Research
DOI 10.1002/jbmr.2608
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Abstract

There is increasing evidence that physical exercise can prevent fractures in postmenopausal women. However, even with careful adaptation of the exercise program to subjects' changing bone, health, and fitness status, effectivity may still decrease over the time. This could be specifically the case where the limitations of higher age collide with the specification of the exercise program. Thus, the aim of this study was to monitor bone mineral density (BMD) changes over a 16-year period of supervised exercise. Our hypothesis was that BMD differences at lumbar spine (LS) and femoral neck (FN) between exercisers (EG) and nontraining controls (CG) increased throughout the intervention with significant differences for each of the four 4-year observation periods. Sixty-seven (EG, n = 39 versus CG, n = 28) initially early-postmenopausal osteopenic women of the Erlangen Fitness and Osteoporosis Prevention Study (EFOPS) with complete BMD data sets for baseline (1998) and 4-, 8-, 12-, and 16-year follow-up were included in the analysis. The exercise protocol initially focused on a high-intensity strategy that addressed bone but increasingly shifted to a more comprehensive intervention. LS-BMD differences between the EG and CG continuously increased (year 4: 2.4% (95%- Confidence Interval 1.0% to 3.8%), year 8: 3.1% (1.6% to 4.7%), year 12: 3.9% (1.9% to 5.8), year 16: 4.5% (2.5% to 6.6%). Correspondingly, rising differences for FN-BMD (0.9% (–0.2% to 2.1%) versus 1.9% (0.4% to 3.3%) versus 2.0% (0.5% to 3.8%) versus 3.0% (1.0% to 5.0%)) were observed. However, in contrast to our hypothesis, group differences within the four 4-year periods were not consistently significant (LS, p = 0.001 to 0.097; FN, p = 0.026 to 0.673); further, BMD kinetics among the groups varied between LS and FN. Of particular importance, significant differences (p ≤ 0.030) for both regions were still found in the final period. We conclude that exercise—even when adapted for subjects' decreasing bone, health, and fitness status—is consistently effective in favorably affecting BMD in (initially) early-postmenopausal osteopenic women without any leveling-off effect after 16 years of exercise. © 2015 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.

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Research works printed but not linked: 37

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Metadata

Authors
Kemmler, W., Engelke, K., & von Stengel, S.
Venue
Journal of Bone and Mineral Research
Publisher
Oxford University Press (OUP)
Published
2015-08-01
Volume
31
Issue
1
Pages
215-222
ISSN
  • 0884-0431
  • 1523-4681
DOI
10.1002/jbmr.2608
Cited by
35
References
8
Language
en
Licence
academic.oup.com/journals/pages/open_access/funder_policies/chorus/standard_publication_model (vor)

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Kemmler, W., Engelke, K., & von Stengel, S. (2016). Long-Term Exercise and Bone Mineral Density Changes in Postmenopausal Women—Are There Periods of Reduced Effectiveness? Journal of Bone and Mineral Research. https://doi.org/10.1002/jbmr.2608

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