Student or educator? Sign up with your school email and get 6 months of Pro free.
Cited by 608

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 35 of the 35 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

Geometry optimization with QM/MM, ONIOM, and other combined methods. I. Microiterations and constraints

Vreven, Thom, Morokuma, Keiji, Farkas, Ödön, Schlegel, H. Bernhard, Frisch, Michael J.·2003·Journal of Computational Chemistry

Abstract

Hybrid energy methods such as QM/MM and ONIOM, that combine different levels of theory into one calculation, have been very successful in describing large systems. Geometry optimization methods can take advantage of the partitioning of these calculations into a region treated at a quantum mechanical (QM) level of theory and the larger, remaining region treated by an inexpensive method such as molecular mechanics (MM). A series of microiterations can be employed to fully optimize the MM region for each optimization step in the QM region. Cartesian coordinates are used for the MM region and are chosen so that the internal coordinates of the QM region remain constant during the microiterations. The coordinates of the MM region are augmented to permit rigid body translation and rotation of the QM region. This is essential if any atoms in the MM region are constrained, but it also improves the efficiency of unconstrained optimizations. Because of the microiterations, special care is needed for the optimization step in the QM region so that the system remains in the same local valley during the course of the optimization. The optimization methodology with microiterations, constraints, and step‐size control are illustrated by calculations on bacteriorhodopsin and other systems. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Comput Chem 24: 760–769, 2003

Overview

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1002/jcc.10156

Cites

35 of 35 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Verification

Claims the paper makes

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Self-check

Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.

The self-check needs the paper’s full text.

Citations

Cites

Show all 35 references

Cited by

See all 608

Metadata

Authors
Vreven, T., Morokuma, K., Farkas, Ö., Schlegel, H. B., & Frisch, M. J.
Venue
Journal of Computational Chemistry
Publisher
Wiley
Published
2003-03-20
Volume
24
Issue
6
Pages
760-769
ISSN
  • 0192-8651 (ISSN-L)
  • 1096-987X
OpenAlex
W2021480093
Cited by
608
References
35
FWCI
14.55
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review

How to cite

Cite CoChat for the checks on this page, and the paper for its own findings.

This page
CoChat. (2026). Citation check: Geometry optimization with QM/MM, ONIOM, and other combined methods. I. Microiterations and constraints. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1002/jcc.10156
The paper
Vreven, T., Morokuma, K., Farkas, Ö., Schlegel, H. B., & Frisch, M. J. (2003). Geometry optimization with QM/MM, ONIOM, and other combined methods. I. Microiterations and constraints. Journal of Computational Chemistry. https://doi.org/10.1002/jcc.10156

Data sources

Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.

Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).

Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.