Screening of Bioactive Components in Grape and Apple Vinegars: Antioxidant and Antimicrobial Potential
Open accessAbstract
Vinegars contain several bioactive compounds that are characterized according to the type of the raw material, such as grape vinegars and apple vinegars. Liquid chromatography coupled to diode array detection and electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry was used for identification and quantification of phenolic compounds. Antioxidant properties of vinegars were determined by 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl and 2,2′-azino-bis-3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulphonic acid assays. Antimicrobial activities of vinegars were examined with an agar disc diffusion method with Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Gallic acid and chlorogenic acid were found to be the major phenolic acids accounting for the largest proportion of the total phenolic acid contents in grape vinegars and apple vinegars. Within the flavonols, quercetin-3-O-galactoside and quercetin were detected as the major compounds in grape vinegars. Apple vinegars were characterized by phloridzin, phloretin and high chlorogenic acid content. Antimicrobial activity results indicated that grape vinegars exhibited higher antimicrobial activity against tested bacterial strains correlated with their higher antioxidant capacity. Copyright © 2017 The Institute of Brewing & Distilling
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
Fruits vinegar contains bioactive ingredients including polyphenolic acids, organic acids, tetramethylpyrazine, and melanoidins.
“Fruits fermentation produces a bio liquid that contains several functional molecules [4,5] such as organic acids [5,6], polyphenols [7,8], melanoidins [9,10], and tetramethylpyrazine [11,12].”
From Fruits Vinegar: Quality Characteristics, Phytochemistry, and Functionality (2021) · cites this paper as [8]
The Introduction (page unavailable) says fruit vinegars contain organic acids, and the Phenolic acids section (page unavailable) identifies phenolic acids in grape and apple vinegars. Our copy does not establish that these vinegars contain tetramethylpyrazine or melanoidins; melanoidins appear only in a reference title. (LLM, conf=0.85)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredPolyphenols in vinegar have an interesting antioxidant potential due to their power to scavenge free radicals, chelate transition metal ions, and reduce oxidants.
“Various compounds were found in the vinegar viz polyphenols that have an interesting antioxidant potential due to their power to scavenge free radicals, chelate transition metal ions, and reduce oxidants (Figure 1) [7,8].”
From Fruits Vinegar: Quality Characteristics, Phytochemistry, and Functionality (2021) · cites this paper as [8]
The Antioxidant and antimicrobial activity section (page unavailable) links vinegar phenolics with antioxidant and free-radical-scavenging activity. Our copy does not state that these compounds chelate transition metal ions or reduce oxidants, so it supports only part of the attributed mechanism. (LLM, conf=0.88)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measured
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
The citation lists haven’t been fetched yet
References 36 · Cited by 76
- Authors
- Kelebek, H., Kadiroğlu, P., Demircan, N. B., & Selli, S.
- Affiliations
- Adana Science and Technology University; Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Department of Food Engineering; Adana Turkey
- Adana Science and Technology University (TR)
- Ministry of Food Agriculture and Livestock (TR)
- Cukurova University (TR)
- Venue
- Journal of the Institute of Brewing
- Published
- 2017-06-05
- Volume
- 123
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 407-416
- ISSN
- 0046-9750 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2622220822
- Semantic Scholar
- 31cc8ab6417b5b169c0678bc5c11af6c3bf43b96
- Cited by
- 76
- References
- 36
- Citations by year
- 2026: 3 · 2025: 5 · 2024: 11 · 2023: 10 · 2022: 18 · 2021: 15 · 2020: 4 · 2019: 5 · 2018: 5
- FWCI
- 2.39
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Journal of the Institute of Brewing (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Biochemistry › Phytochemicals and Antioxidant Activities
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Food Science › Fermentation and Sensory Analysis
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Food Science › Essential Oils and Antimicrobial Activity
- Keywords
- grape vinegar, apple cider vinegar, phenolic compounds, phenolic acids, gallic acid, chlorogenic acid, quercetin, phloridzin, phloretin, antioxidant capacity, antimicrobial activity, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, bioactive compounds
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
