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Cited by 144Genetic and Clinical Aspects of Sex Determination and Chromosomal AbnormalitiesSexual Differentiation and DisordersGenetics and Neurodevelopmental Disorders

Genetic and epigenetic factors underlying sex differences in the regulation of gene expression in the brain

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Ratnu, Vikram S., Emami, Michael R., Bredy, Timothy W.·2017·Journal of Neuroscience Research
DOI 10.1002/jnr.23886PMC PMC5120607
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Abstract

There are inherent biological differences between males and females that contribute to sex differences in brain function and to many sex‐specific illnesses and disorders. Traditionally, it has been thought that such differences are due largely to hormonal regulation; however, there are also genetic and epigenetic effects caused by the inheritance and unequal dosage of genes located on the X and Y chromosomes. Here we discuss the evidence in favor of a genetic and epigenetic basis for sexually dimorphic behavior, as a consequence of underlying differences in the regulation of genes that drive brain function. A better understanding of sex‐specific molecular processes in the brain will provide further insight for the development of novel therapeutic approaches for the treatment of neuropsychiatric disorders characterized by sex differences. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

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Authors
Ratnu, V. S., Emami, M. R., & Bredy, T. W.
Affiliations
  • The University of Queensland (AU)
  • University of California, Irvine (US)
Corresponding author
Bredy, Timothy W.
ORCID
Venue
Journal of Neuroscience Research
Publisher
Wiley
Published
2016-11-07
Volume
95
Issue
1-2
Pages
301-310
ISSN
  • 0360-4012 (ISSN-L)
  • 1097-4547
DOI
10.1002/jnr.23886
PMC
PMC5120607
OpenAlex
W2549796233
Cited by
144
References
126
Citations by year
2026: 7 · 2025: 18 · 2024: 8 · 2023: 14 · 2022: 9 · 2021: 23 · 2020: 22 · 2019: 22 · 2018: 14 · 2017: 7
FWCI
1.92
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Licence
Locations
  • Journal of Neuroscience Research (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
Funders
  • Australian Research Council (DP1096148)
  • Science of Learning Centers (SR120300015)
Topics
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Genetics › Genetic and Clinical Aspects of Sex Determination and Chromosomal Abnormalities
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Sexual Differentiation and Disorders
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Genetics › Genetics and Neurodevelopmental Disorders
Keywords
sex differences, brain gene expression, epigenetics, X chromosome, Y chromosome, sexually dimorphic behavior, neuropsychiatric disorders, sex-specific treatment, brain function
MeSH terms
Animals, Brain, Gene Expression Regulation, Humans, Sex Characteristics, Sex Chromosomes, Epigenomics

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