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Cited by 2Analytical chemistry methods developmentPharmaceutical and Antibiotic Environmental ImpactsAnalytical Methods in Pharmaceuticals

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Preparation of Zwitterionic Silica‐Based Sorbents for Simultaneous Extraction of Acidic and Basic Pharmaceuticals From Water Samples

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Moral, Alberto, Borrull, Francesc, Furton, Kenneth G., Kabir, Abuzar, Fontanals, Núria, Marcé, Rosa M.·2025·Journal of Separation Science
DOI 10.1002/jssc.70280PMC PMC12454925
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Abstract

The sol‐gel approach was applied to develop three homemade silica sorbents. These sorbents where functionalized with mixed‐mode zwitterionic exchange groups using only one additive to introduce at once the strong cation‐ (sulfonic groups) and strong anion‐exchange (quaternary amines) moieties. The developed materials were applied for the solid‐phase extraction (SPE) of basic and acidic pharmaceuticals, and the sorbent functionalized with 2‐(methacryloxy)‐ethyldimethyl‐3‐(sulfopropyl)ammonium hydroxide was the best performing one. The optimal conditions for SPE were pH 5, a variable loading volume (ranging from 25 to 100 mL depending on the complexity of the sample) and elution volume with 5 mL of 1% NH 4 OH in MeOH. The method validation was carried out attending to apparent and relative recoveries, matrix effect, precision (intraday and interday), and detection and quantification limits. It can be highlighted that apparent recoveries were higher than 30% for most compounds and method detection limits were at the low ng/L. The validated method was applied to quantify the pharmaceuticals in environmental water samples.

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References 45 · Cited by 2

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Metadata

Authors
Moral, A., Borrull, F., Furton, K. G., Kabir, A., Fontanals, N., & Marcé, R. M.
Affiliations
  • Universitat Rovira i Virgili (ES)
  • Florida International University (US)
Corresponding author
Fontanals, Núria
ORCID
Venue
Journal of Separation Science
Publisher
Wiley
Published
2025-09
Volume
48
Issue
9
Pages
e70280-e70280
ISSN
  • 1615-9306 (ISSN-L)
  • 1615-9314
DOI
10.1002/jssc.70280
PMC
PMC12454925
OpenAlex
W4414414359
Cited by
2
References
45
Citations by year
2026: 2
FWCI
0.53
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Licence
Locations
  • Journal of Separation Science (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc)
  • Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc)
  • Rovira & Virgili repository (submittedVersion, cc-by)
Funders
  • Universitat Rovira i Virgili (MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033/, 2020PMF-PIPF-33)
  • Agencia Estatal de Investigación (RED2022-134079-T, 501100011033, PID2020-114587GB-I00, 13039, .13039/501100011033, AEI/10)
Topics
  • Physical Sciences › Chemistry › Analytical Chemistry › Analytical chemistry methods development
  • Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Pollution › Pharmaceutical and Antibiotic Environmental Impacts
  • Physical Sciences › Chemistry › Analytical Chemistry › Analytical Methods in Pharmaceuticals
Keywords
silica-based sorbents, mixed-mode solid-phase extraction, pharmaceuticals in water, sol-gel synthesis, sulfonic acid groups, quaternary amines, environmental water analysis, method validation

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