The DOI matches its Crossref record; 3 of the 3 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Topological Approach of Characterizing Optical Skyrmions and Multi‐Skyrmions
Abstract
The skyrmion number of paraxial optical skyrmions can be defined solely via their polarization singularities and associated winding numbers, using a mathematical derivation that exploits Stokes's theorem. It is demonstrated that this definition provides a robust way to extract the skyrmion number from experimental data, as illustrated for a variety of optical (Néel‐type) skyrmions and bimerons and multi‐skyrmions. This method generates not only an increase in accuracy, but also provides an intuitive geometrical approach to understanding the topology of such quasi‐particles of light and their robustness against smooth transformations.
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These factors can be mitigated to a certain degree, sometimes through more sophisticated measurement schemes, but they can never be fully removed, resulting in noticeable fluctuations in the measured data.
“While these factors can be mitigated to a certain degree, sometimes through more sophisticated measurement schemes (73), they can never be fully removed resulting in noticeable fluctuations in the measured data.”
From Topological robustness of optical skyrmions through a real-world free-space link (2026) · cites this paper as [73]
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Cites
Optical skyrmion lattice in evanescent electromagnetic fields
Tsesses, S., Ostrovsky, E., Cohen, K., Gjonaj, B., Lindner, N. H., & Bartal, G. (2018) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.aau0227 · Cited by 514
Optical skyrmions and other topological quasiparticles of light
Shen, Y., Zhang, Q., Shi, P., Du, L., Yuan, X., & Zayats, A. V. (2024) · Nature Photonics · doi:10.1038/s41566-023-01325-7 · Cited by 469
Generation of Optical Skyrmions with Tunable Topological Textures
Shen, Y., Martínez, E. C., & Rosales-Guzmán, C. (2022) · ACS Photonics · doi:10.1021/acsphotonics.1c01703 · Cited by 278
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Theory of paraxial optical skyrmions
Ye, Z., Barnett, S. M., Franke-Arnold, S., Götte, J. B., McWilliam, A., Speirits, F. C., & Cisowski, C. M. (2024) · Proceedings of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences · doi:10.1098/rspa.2024.0109 · Cited by 34
Self-citationTopological robustness of optical skyrmions through a real-world free-space link
Peters, C., Hakobyan, V., Drozdov, A., Brasselet, E., Cox, M., & Forbes, A. (2026) · Science Advances · doi:10.1126/sciadv.aee2671 · Cited by 11
Topological state and number transitions of optical skyrmions upon free-space beam propagation
Fan, X., Wu, X., Ren, K., Zhou, L., Guo, X., Wei, B., Zhang, Y., Liu, S., Li, P., & Zhao, J. (2025) · Communications Physics · doi:10.1038/s42005-025-02427-0 · Cited by 2
Metadata
- Authors
- McWilliam, A., Cisowski, C. M., Ye, Z., Speirits, F. C., Götte, J. B., Barnett, S. M., & Franke‐Arnold, S.
- Affiliations
- School of Physics and Astronomy University of Glasgow Glasgow G12 8QQ UK
- ORCID
- Venue
- Laser & Photonics Reviews
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2023-07-30
- Volume
- 17
- Issue
- 9
- ISSN
- 1863-8880
- 1863-8899
- Cited by
- 80
- References
- 3
- Language
- en
- Funders
- Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (EP/V048449/1, EP/T517896/1)
- Royal Society (RP150122, NIF/R1/192384)
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