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Cited by 14Laser-Matter Interactions and ApplicationsLaser Material Processing TechniquesLaser-Plasma Interactions and Diagnostics

Diagnostics of fs Laser‐Induced Plasmas in Solid Dielectrics

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Jürgens, Peter, Garcia, Clara L., Balling, Peter, Fennel, Thomas, Mermillod‐Blondin, Alexandre·2024·Laser & Photonics Reviews
DOI 10.1002/lpor.202301114
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Abstract

The formation of dense plasmas inside dielectric materials by ultrashort laser pulses has many applications ranging from refractive‐index modifications to the formation of channels and voids. Furthermore, such plasmas enable the fundamental investigation of ultrafast non‐equilibrium dynamics in highly excited materials. The present paper provides an overview of current experimental approaches to investigating such plasmas. Much information about the plasma relaxation is obtained by measuring the spatial and temporal evolution of the dielectric properties of the excited material through time‐resolved absorption and phase‐shift measurements. In order to investigate and resolve the individual stages of plasma formation, experimental approaches with a temporal resolution beyond the capabilities of traditional optical pump‐probe studies are required. Recent examples for schemes that may enable the investigation of the plasma formation with sub‐cycle time resolution are thus reviewed. These include recent results from time‐resolved high‐harmonic generation as well as the two‐color pump‐probe analysis of non‐perturbative low‐order wave mixing for the tracking of strong‐field excitation dynamics. Alternative approaches employ attosecond transient absorption spectroscopy, attosecond polarization spectroscopy and nonlinear photoconductive sampling for resolving the temporal evolution of the carrier dynamics down to sub‐optical‐cycle timescales.

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  • White light emission during writing arises from the generation of a dense and hot plasma during voxel formation.

    “White light emission arises during writing from the generation of a dense and hot plasma during voxel formation28.”

    From Laser writing in glass for dense, fast and efficient archival data storage (2026) · cites this paper as [28]

    The Introduction says ultrashort laser irradiation can turn a dielectric into a dense, hot plasma. Section 2.1.2 describes plasma emission during glass processing and laser writing, but does not identify that emission as white light or specifically connect it to voxel formation; it also notes that some emission can come from point defects. (LLM, conf=0.82)

    Experimental — accuracy not yet measured

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Authors
Jürgens, P., Garcia, C. L., Balling, P., Fennel, T., & Mermillod‐Blondin, A.
Affiliations
  • Max-Born-Institute for Nonlinear Optics and Short Pulse Spectroscopy (DE)
  • Department of Physics and Astronomy Aarhus University Ny Munkegade 120 Aarhus C DK‐8000 Denmark
  • University of Rostock (DE)
Corresponding author
Mermillod‐Blondin, Alexandre
ORCID
Venue
Laser & Photonics Reviews
Publisher
Wiley
Published
2024-05-16
Volume
18
Issue
10
ISSN
  • 1863-8880 (ISSN-L)
  • 1863-8899
DOI
10.1002/lpor.202301114
OpenAlex
W4396976647
Cited by
14
References
130
Citations by year
2026: 7 · 2025: 6 · 2024: 1
FWCI
2.23
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Licence
Locations
Laser & Photonics Review (publishedVersion, cc-by)
Funders
  • Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (CRC 1477 “Light‐Matter Interactions at Interfaces” (grant no. ID 441234705))
  • Danmarks Frie Forskningsfond (Natural Sciences)
Topics
  • Physical Sciences › Physics and Astronomy › Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics › Laser-Matter Interactions and Applications
  • Physical Sciences › Engineering › Computational Mechanics › Laser Material Processing Techniques
  • Physical Sciences › Physics and Astronomy › Nuclear and High Energy Physics › Laser-Plasma Interactions and Diagnostics
Keywords
laser-produced plasma, solid dielectrics, ultrashort laser pulses, plasma relaxation, time-resolved absorption, phase difference measurement, high harmonic generation, two-color pump-probe, wave mixing, attosecond transient absorption spectroscopy, carrier dynamics, refractive index modification, dielectric breakdown

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