The Impact of Type 2 Diabetes in Parkinson's Disease
Open accessPublished version of a preprint
Abstract
Background: Type 2 diabetes (T2DM) is an established risk factor for developing Parkinson's disease (PD), but its effect on disease progression is not well understood. Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of T2DM on aspects of disease progression in PD. Methods: We analyzed data from the Tracking Parkinson's study to examine the effects of comorbid T2DM on PD progression and quality of life by comparing symptom severity scores assessing a range of motor and nonmotor symptoms. Results: We identified 167 (8.7%) patients with PD and T2DM (PD + T2DM) and 1763 (91.3%) patients with PD without T2DM (PD). After controlling for confounders, patients with T2DM had more severe motor symptoms, as assessed by Movement Disorder Society Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale, Part III (25.8 [0.9] vs. 22.5 [0.3] P = 0.002), and nonmotor symptoms, as assessed by Non‐Motor Symptoms Scale total (38.4 [2.5] vs. 31.8 [0.7] P < 0.001), and were significantly more likely to report loss of independence (odds ratio, 2.08; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.34–3.25; P = 0.001) and depression (odds ratio, 1.62; CI: 1.10–2.39; P = 0.015). Furthermore, over time, patients with T2DM had significantly faster motor symptom progression ( P = 0.012), developed worse mood symptoms ( P = 0.041), and were more likely to develop substantial gait impairment (hazard ratio, 1.55; CI: 1.07–2.23; P = 0.020) and mild cognitive impairment (hazard ratio, 1.7; CI: 1.24–2.51; P = 0.002) compared with the PD group. Conclusions: In the largest study to date, T2DM is associated with faster disease progression in Parkinson's, highlighting an interaction between these two diseases. Because it is a potentially modifiable metabolic state, with multiple peripheral and central targets for intervention, it may represent a target for alleviating parkinsonian symptoms and slowing progression to disability and dementia. © 2022 The Authors. Movement Disorders published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
Diabetes is a well-established risk factor for PD and is linked to faster disease progression.
“Diabetes is a well-established risk factor for PD, and has been linked to a faster disease progression”
From Microbiota–gut–brain axis and its therapeutic applications in neurodegenerative diseases (2024) · cites this paper as [614]
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
The citation lists haven’t been fetched yet
References 58 · Cited by 132
- Authors
- Athauda, D., Evans, J., Wernick, A., Virdi, G., Choi, M. L., Lawton, M., Vijiaratnam, N., Girges, C., Ben‐Shlomo, Y., Ismail, K., Morris, H., Grosset, D., Foltynie, T., & Gandhi, S.
- Affiliations
- The Francis Crick Institute (GB)
- University of Bristol (GB)
- UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology (GB)
- King's College London (GB)
- Queen Elizabeth University Hospital (GB)
- Corresponding author
- Athauda, Dilan
- ORCID
- Venue
- Movement Disorders
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2022-06-14
- Volume
- 37
- Issue
- 8
- Pages
- 1612-1623
- ISSN
- 0885-3185 (ISSN-L)
- 1531-8257
- PMC
- PMC9543753
- OpenAlex
- W4282916811
- Cited by
- 132
- References
- 58
- Citations by year
- 2026: 26 · 2025: 51 · 2024: 32 · 2023: 16 · 2022: 7
- FWCI
- 13.92
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
- doi.org
- Locations
- Movement Disorders (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Research Portal (King's College London) (publishedVersion, other-oa)
- Explore Bristol Research (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- Funders
- Edmond J. Safra Philanthropic Foundation
- Parkinson's UK
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Neurology › Parkinson's Disease Mechanisms and Treatments
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Dementia and Cognitive Impairment Research
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Neurology › Neurological disorders and treatments
- Keywords
- type 2 diabetes, Parkinson's disease, disease progression, comorbidities, motor symptoms, non-motor symptoms, depression, gait disturbance, mild cognitive impairment, loss of independence, quality of life, MDS-UPDRS, sex differences
- MeSH terms
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2, Humans, Parkinson Disease, Quality of Life, Disease Progression, Cognitive Dysfunction
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
