The DOI matches its Crossref record; 59 of the 59 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Levodopa Dose Equivalency in Parkinson's Disease: Updated Systematic Review and Proposals
Open accessAbstract
Background: To compare drug regimens across clinical trials in Parkinson's disease (PD) conversion formulae between antiparkinsonian drugs have been developed. These are reported in relation to levodopa as the benchmark drug in PD pharmacotherapy as ‘levodopa equivalent dose’ (LED). Currently, the LED conversion formulae proposed in 2010 by Tomlinson et al. based on a systematic review are predominantly used. However, new drugs with established and novel mechanisms of action and novel formulations of longstanding drugs have been developed since 2010. Therefore, consensus proposals for updated LED conversion formulae are needed. Objectives: To update LED conversion formulae based on a systematic review. Methods: The MEDLINE, CENTRAL, and Embase databases were searched from January 2010 to July 2021. Additionally, in a standardized process according to the GRADE grid method, consensus proposals were issued for drugs with scarce data on levodopa dose equivalency. Results: The systematic database search yielded 3076 articles of which 682 were eligible for inclusion in the systematic review. Based on these data and the standardized consensus process, we present proposals for LED conversion formulae for a wide range of drugs that are currently available for the pharmacotherapy of PD or are expected to be introduced soon. Conclusions: The LED conversion formulae issued in this Position Paper will serve as a research tool to compare the equivalence of antiparkinsonian medication across PD study cohorts and facilitate research on the clinical efficacy of pharmacological and surgical treatments as well as other non‐pharmacological interventions in PD. © 2023 The Authors. Movement Disorders published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
GRADE: an emerging consensus on rating quality of evidence and strength of recommendations
Guyatt, G. H., Oxman, A. D., Vist, G. E., Kunz, R., Falck-Ytter, Y., Alonso-Coello, P., & Schünemann, H. J. (2008) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.39489.470347.ad · Cited by 23,305
Systematic review of levodopa dose equivalency reporting in Parkinson's disease
Tomlinson, C. L., Stowe, R., Patel, S., Rick, C., Gray, R., & Clarke, C. E. (2010) · Movement Disorders · doi:10.1002/mds.23429 · Cited by 4,219
A Randomized Trial of Deep-Brain Stimulation for Parkinson's Disease
Deuschl, G., Schade-Brittinger, C., Krack, P., Volkmann, J., Schäfer, H., Bötzel, K., Daniels, C., Deutschländer, A., Dillmann, U., Eisner, W., et al. (2006) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmoa060281 · Cited by 2,944
Self-citationThe role of google scholar in evidence reviews and its applicability to grey literature searching
Haddaway, N. R., Collins, A. M., Coughlin, D., & Kirk, S. (2015) · PLOS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0138237 · Cited by 2,387
Grading Strength of Recommendations and Quality of Evidence in Clinical Guidelines
Guyatt, G., Gutterman, D., Baumann, M. H., Addrizzo-Harris, D., Hylek, E. M., Phillips, B., Raskob, G., Lewis, S. Z., & Schünemann, H. (2006) · Chest · doi:10.1378/chest.129.1.174 · Cited by 1,220
Update on treatments for nonmotor symptoms of Parkinson's disease—an evidence‐based medicine review
Seppi, K., Ray Chaudhuri, K., Coelho, M., Fox, S. H., Katzenschlager, R., Perez Lloret, S., Weintraub, D., Sampaio, C., & and the collaborators of the Parkinson's Disease Update on Non‐Motor Symptoms Study Group on behalf of the Movement Disorders Society Evidence‐Based Medicine Committee (2019) · Movement Disorders · doi:10.1002/mds.27602 · Cited by 1,007
Self-citationFox, S. H., Katzenschlager, R., Lim, S., Barton, B., de Bie, R. M. A., Seppi, K., Coelho, M., Sampaio, C., & on behalf of the Movement Disorder Society Evidence‐Based Medicine Committee (2018) · Movement Disorders · doi:10.1002/mds.27372 · Cited by 1,002
Self-citationSubthalamic nucleus or internal pallidal stimulation in young onset Parkinson's disease
Krack, P. (1998) · Brain · doi:10.1093/brain/121.3.451 · Cited by 608
Effect of GPi pallidotomy on motor function in Parkinson's disease
Lozano, A. M., Lang, A. E., Galvez-Jimenez, N., Miyasaki, J., Duff, J., Hutchison, W. D., & Dostrovsky, J. O. (1995) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(95)92404-3 · Cited by 603
Use of GRADE grid to reach decisions on clinical practice guidelines when consensus is elusive
Jaeschke, R., Guyatt, G. H., Dellinger, P., Schunemann, H., Levy, M. M., Kunz, R., Norris, S., Bion, J., & for the GRADE working group (2008) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.a744 · Cited by 577
Metadata
- Authors
- Jost, S. T., Kaldenbach, M., Antonini, A., Martinez‐Martin, P., Timmermann, L., Odin, P., Katzenschlager, R., Borgohain, R., Fasano, A., Stocchi, F., Hattori, N., Kukkle, P. L., Rodríguez‐Violante, M., Falup‐Pecurariu, C., Schade, S., Petry‐Schmelzer, J. N., Metta, V., Weintraub, D., Deuschl, G., Espay, A. J., Tan, E., Bhidayasiri, R., Fung, V. S. C., Cardoso, F., Trenkwalder, C., Jenner, P., Ray Chaudhuri, K., Dafsari, H. S., & the International Parkinson and Movement Disorders Society Non‐Motor Parkinson Disease Study Group
- Venue
- Movement Disorders
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2023-05-05
- Volume
- 38
- Issue
- 7
- Pages
- 1236-1252
- ISSN
- 0885-3185 (ISSN-L)
- 1531-8257
- OpenAlex
- W4372335396
- Cited by
- 389
- References
- 59
- FWCI
- 18.47
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
How to cite
Cite CoChat for the checks on this page, and the paper for its own findings.
- This page
- CoChat. (2026). Citation check: Levodopa Dose Equivalency in Parkinson's Disease: Updated Systematic Review and Proposals. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1002/mds.29410
- The paper
- Jost, S. T., Kaldenbach, M., Antonini, A., Martinez‐Martin, P., Timmermann, L., Odin, P., Katzenschlager, R., Borgohain, R., Fasano, A., Stocchi, F., Hattori, N., Kukkle, P. L., Rodríguez‐Violante, M., Falup‐Pecurariu, C., Schade, S., Petry‐Schmelzer, J. N., Metta, V., Weintraub, D., Deuschl, G., . . . the International Parkinson and Movement Disorders Society Non‐Motor Parkinson Disease Study Group. (2023). Levodopa Dose Equivalency in Parkinson's Disease: Updated Systematic Review and Proposals. Movement Disorders. https://doi.org/10.1002/mds.29410
Data sources
Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.
Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.