The DOI matches its Crossref record; 6 of the 6 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Assessing exposure to phthalates – The human biomonitoring approach
Abstract
Some phthalates are developmental and reproductive toxicants in animals. Exposure to phthalates is considered to be potentially harmful to human health as well. Based on a comprehensive literature research, we present an overview of the sources of human phthalate exposure and results of exposure assessments with special focus on human biomonitoring data. Among the general population, there is widespread exposure to a number of phthalates. Foodstuff is the major source of phthalate exposure, particularly for the long‐chain phthalates such as di(2‐ethylhexyl) phthalate. For short‐chain phthalates such as di‐n‐butyl‐phthalate, additional pathways are of relevance. In general, children are exposed to higher phthalate doses than adults. Especially, high exposures can occur through some medications or medical devices. By comparing exposure data with existing limit values, one can also assess the risks associated with exposure to phthalates. Within the general population, some individuals exceed tolerable daily intake values for one or more phthalates. In high exposure groups, (intensive medical care, medications) tolerable daily intake transgressions can be substantial. Recent findings from animal studies suggest that a cumulative risk assessment for phthalates is warranted, and a cumulative exposure assessment to phthalates via human biomonitoring is a major step into this direction.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
Decrease in anogenital distance among male infants with prenatal phthalate exposure
Swan, S. H., Main, K. M., Liu, F., Stewart, S. L., Kruse, R. L., Calafat, A. M., Mao, C. S., Redmon, J. B., Ternand, C. L., Sullivan, S., et al. (2005) · Environmental Health Perspectives · doi:10.1289/ehp.8100 · Cited by 1,586
Gray, L. E. (2000) · Toxicological Sciences · doi:10.1093/toxsci/58.2.350 · Cited by 1,084
Levels of Seven Urinary Phthalate Metabolites in a Human Reference Population
Blount, B. C., Silva, M. J., Caudill, S. P., Needham, L. L., Pirkle, J. L., Sampson, E. J., Lucier, G. W., Jackson, R. J., & Brock, J. W. (2000) · Environmental Health Perspectives · doi:10.1289/ehp.00108979 · Cited by 634
Ye, X., Pierik, F. H., Hauser, R., Duty, S., Angerer, J., Park, M. M., Burdorf, A., Hofman, A., Jaddoe, V. W. V., Mackenbach, J. P., et al. (2008) · Environmental Research · doi:10.1016/j.envres.2008.07.014 · Cited by 307
Self-citationMetabolite Profiles of Di-n-butyl Phthalate in Humans and Rats
Silva, M. J., Samandar, E., Reidy, J. A., Hauser, R., Needham, L. L., & Calafat, A. M. (2007) · Environmental Science & Technology · doi:10.1021/es071142x · Cited by 64
Kato, K., Silva, M. J., Needham, L. L., & Calafat, A. M. (2006) · Analytical Chemistry · doi:10.1021/ac0608220 · Cited by 63
Cited by
Hormones and endocrine-disrupting chemicals: low-dose effects and nonmonotonic dose responses
Vandenberg, L. N., Colborn, T., Hayes, T. B., Heindel, J. J., Jacobs, D. R., Lee, D.-H., Shioda, T., Soto, A. M., vom Saal, F. S., Welshons, W. V., et al. (2012) · Endocrine Reviews · doi:10.1210/er.2011-1050 · Cited by 3,209
A Review of Biomonitoring of Phthalate Exposures
Wang, Y., Zhu, H., & Kannan, K. (2019) · Toxics · doi:10.3390/toxics7020021 · Cited by 755
Zota, A. R., Calafat, A. M., & Woodruff, T. J. (2014) · Environmental Health Perspectives · doi:10.1289/ehp.1306681 · Cited by 585
Developmental origins of metabolic diseases
Hoffman, D. J., Powell, T. L., Barrett, E. S., & Hardy, D. B. (2021) · Physiological Reviews · doi:10.1152/physrev.00002.2020 · Cited by 466
Reproductive and developmental effects of phthalate diesters in females
Kay, V. R., Chambers, C., & Foster, W. G. (2013) · Critical Reviews in Toxicology · doi:10.3109/10408444.2013.766149 · Cited by 396
Metadata
- Authors
- Wittassek, M., Koch, H. M., Angerer, J., & Brüning, T.
- Venue
- Molecular Nutrition & Food Research
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2011-01
- Volume
- 55
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 7-31
- ISSN
- 1613-4125 (ISSN-L)
- 1613-4133
- OpenAlex
- W2163417923
- Cited by
- 742
- References
- 6
- FWCI
- 17.38
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
How to cite
Cite CoChat for the checks on this page, and the paper for its own findings.
- This page
- CoChat. (2026). Citation check: Assessing exposure to phthalates – The human biomonitoring approach. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1002/mnfr.201000121
- The paper
- Wittassek, M., Koch, H. M., Angerer, J., & Brüning, T. (2011). Assessing exposure to phthalates – The human biomonitoring approach. Molecular Nutrition & Food Research. https://doi.org/10.1002/mnfr.201000121
Data sources
Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.
Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.
