Psychometric properties of the Chinese version of the Swanson, Nolan, and Pelham, version IV scale – parent form
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This study aimed to establish the psychometric properties of parent ratings on the Chinese version of the Swanson, Nolan, and Pelham IV scale (SNAP‐IV) in a school‐based sample of 3534 students in grades 1 to 8 from two cities and two suburbs in Taiwan and 189 children diagnosed with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) (aged 6 to 15) consecutively recruited from a medical center in Taipei. Parents completed the Chinese versions of the SNAP‐IV, Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire, and Child Behavior Checklist. The Chinese SNAP‐IV demonstrated similar three factor structure (Inattention, Hyperactivity/Impulsivity, and Oppositional) as its English version, and satisfactory test–retest reliability (intraclass correlation = 0.59∼0.72), internal consistency (alpha = 0.88∼0.90), concurrent validity (Pearson correlations = 0.56∼0.72), and discriminant validity. Boys scored higher than girls across the eight school grade levels. The SNAP‐IV clearly distinguished children with ADHD from school‐based participants. Comorbidity with oppositional defiant disorder/conduct disorder predicted higher SNAP‐IV scores among children with ADHD. Our findings suggest that the Chinese SNAP‐IV is a reliable and valid instrument for rating ADHD‐related symptoms in both clinical and community settings in Taiwan. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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The diagnosis of ADHD was made through multiple data sources including a clinician's interview, clinical observation of the subject's behavior, and a history provided by the parents and the Chinese version of the Swanson, Nolan and Pelham IV scales.
“The diagnosis of ADHD was made through the application of multiple data sources, including (i) a clinician's interview; (ii) clinical observation of the subject's behavior; and (iii) a history provided by the parents and the Chinese version of the Swanson, Nolan and Pelham IV scales.21”
From WISC-IV-Chinese version index scores in Taiwanese children with ADHD (2013) · cites this paper as [21]
The Implications section says ADHD diagnosis requires clinical interviews and information from several sources, including parent reports, and identifies the Chinese SNAP-IV as a tool that can assist diagnosis. The School-based sample section also describes clinician diagnoses confirmed by psychiatric interviews. The paper does not specify clinical observation of the subject’s behavior as one of the diagnostic sources in the claimed procedure. (LLM, conf=0.82)
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References 39 · Cited by 375
Research works printed but not linked: 2
- [23]23. Muller R, Buttner P. A critical discussion of intraclass corre- lation coeffi cients. Stat Med 1994; 13: 2465-76.
- [31]31. Swanson JM. School-based Assessments and Interventions for ADD Students. Irvine, CA: K.C. Press, 1992.
- Authors
- Gau, S. S., Shang, C., Liu, S., Lin, C., Swanson, J. M., Liu, Y., & Tu, C.
- Affiliations
- National Health Research Institutes (TW)
- National Taiwan University Hospital (TW)
- Department of Health (TW)
- Chi Mei Medical Center (TW)
- University of California, Irvine (US)
- National Taiwan University (TW)
- Corresponding author
- Gau, Susan Shur‐Fen
- Venue
- International Journal of Methods in Psychiatric Research
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2008-02-19
- Volume
- 17
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 35-44
- ISSN
- 1049-8931 (ISSN-L)
- 1557-0657
- PMC
- PMC6878250
- OpenAlex
- W2136697574
- Cited by
- 375
- References
- 39
- Citations by year
- 2026: 42 · 2025: 36 · 2024: 31 · 2023: 28 · 2022: 35 · 2021: 23 · 2020: 34 · 2019: 22 · 2018: 21 · 2017: 18 · 2016: 16 · 2015: 13 · 2014: 14 · 2013: 9 · 2012: 16
- FWCI
- 3.97
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- International Journal of Methods in Psychiatric Research (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Health Research Institutes (NHRI-EX94-9407PC)
- National Taiwan University Hospital (NTUH 95-301)
- National Taiwan University
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Child and Adolescent Psychosocial and Emotional Development
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Neuropsychology and Physiological Psychology › Developmental and Educational Neuropsychology
- Keywords
- SNAP-IV, Chinese version, parent ratings, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, psychometric properties, factor structure, inattention, hyperactivity/impulsivity, oppositional behavior, oppositional defiant disorder, elementary school students, Taiwan
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity, Child, Female, Humans, Male, Parents, Psychometrics, Surveys and Questionnaires, Asian People
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