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Cited by 27Advanced Neuroimaging Techniques and ApplicationsAdvanced MRI Techniques and ApplicationsNMR spectroscopy and applications

Viable and fixed white matter: diffusion magnetic resonance comparisons and contrasts at physiological temperature

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Richardson, Simon, Siow, Bernard, Panagiotaki, Eleftheria, Schneider, Torben, Lythgoe, Mark F., Alexander, Daniel C.·2014·Magnetic Resonance in Medicine
DOI 10.1002/mrm.25012
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Abstract

PURPOSE: Fixed samples have been used extensively in diffusion MRI (dMRI) studies. However, fixation causes significant structural changes in tissue. The purpose of this study was to evaluate fixed white matter as a surrogate for viable white matter during development and validation of dMRI methods. METHODS: dMRI data was acquired from fixed and viable rat optic nerves maintained in identical conditions in a viable isolated tissue (VIT) chamber. The chamber preserves tissue integrity for 10 h at 37°C. Diffusion tensors (DT) and multi-compartment white matter signal models were fitted to the data. RESULTS: When comparing VIT and fixed tissue, DT parameters demonstrated that fixation causes significant reductions in axial diffusivity and increases in radial diffusivity. However, both tissues exhibited similar responses to changes in diffusion times and gradient strengths. Multicompartment models demonstrated differences in parameter estimates (e.g., directional diffusivities) that were analogous to differences in DT parameters. Similarities in multi-compartment model rankings suggested that tissue water populations were broadly maintained postfixation. CONCLUSIONS: The data demonstrate that fixed tissue, while maintaining the broad water environment of viable tissue, differs significantly in diffusion parameters. Results from dMRI experiments on fixed tissue may correlate with-but will not directly translate into-results from viable tissue.

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  • While temperature and fixation affect diffusivity values, and ADC in fixed tissue is significantly lower than in vivo, anisotropy values are comparable between in vivo and ex vivo samples.

    “While temperature and fixation affect diffusivity values, and ADC in fixed tissue is significantly lower than in vivo (Richardson et al., 2014), anisotropy values are comparable between in vivo and ex vivo samples (Sun et al., 2001, 2003; Zhang et al., 2012).”

    From The role of myelination in measures of white matter integrity: Combination of diffusion tensor imaging and two-photon microscopy of CLARITY intact brains (2017) · cites this paper as Richardson et al., 2014

    The Introduction states that temperature differences greatly affect measured diffusion coefficients, and DTI (Experiment A) reports lower axial diffusivity in fixed than viable isolated tissue. But the study compares fixed tissue with viable isolated tissue, not directly with in vivo samples, and the cited passages do not establish a significantly lower overall ADC. The anisotropy clause is attributed to other sources and is not part of this verdict. (LLM, conf=0.84)

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Authors
Richardson, S., Siow, B., Panagiotaki, E., Schneider, T., Lythgoe, M. F., & Alexander, D. C.
Affiliations
  • University College London (GB)
  • UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology (GB)
Corresponding author
Richardson, Simon
ORCID
Venue
Magnetic Resonance in Medicine
Publisher
Wiley
Published
2013-11-14
Volume
72
Issue
4
Pages
1151-1161
ISSN
  • 0740-3194 (ISSN-L)
  • 1522-2594
DOI
10.1002/mrm.25012
OpenAlex
W1920754069
Cited by
27
References
4
Citations by year
2026: 2 · 2025: 1 · 2024: 2 · 2022: 1 · 2020: 5 · 2019: 4 · 2018: 3 · 2017: 3 · 2016: 2 · 2015: 2 · 2014: 1 · 2013: 1
FWCI
1.55
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Licence
Locations
  • Magnetic Resonance in Medicine (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • UCL Discovery (University College London) (submittedVersion)
Funders
Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (EP/G007748/1, EP/H046410/1)
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging › Advanced Neuroimaging Techniques and Applications
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging › Advanced MRI Techniques and Applications
  • Physical Sciences › Physics and Astronomy › Nuclear and High Energy Physics › NMR spectroscopy and applications
Keywords
tissue fixation, white matter, diffusion MRI, optic nerve, axial diffusivity, radial diffusivity, diffusion tensor, rats, physiological temperature
MeSH terms
Animals, Male, Optic Nerve, Sensitivity and Specificity, Specimen Handling, Reproducibility of Results, Artifacts, Tissue Embedding, Rats, Sprague-Dawley, Models, Animal, Rats, Diffusion Tensor Imaging, White Matter, In Vitro Techniques

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