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Cited by 13Advanced Neuroimaging Techniques and ApplicationsAdvanced MRI Techniques and ApplicationsNMR spectroscopy and applications

Engineering clinical translation of OGSE diffusion MRI

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Zhu, Ante, Michael, Eric S., Li, Hua, Sprenger, Tim, Hua, Yihe, Lee, Seung‐Kyun, Yeo, Desmond Teck Beng, McNab, Jennifer A. +5 more·2025·Magnetic Resonance in Medicine
DOI 10.1002/mrm.30510PMC PMC12262058
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Abstract

Oscillating gradient spin echo (OGSE) diffusion MRI (dMRI) can probe the diffusive dynamics on short time scales ≲10 ms, which translates into the sensitivity to tissue microstructure at the short length scales m. OGSE‐based tissue microstructure imaging techniques able to characterize the cell diameter and cellular density have been established in pre‐clinical studies. The unique image contrast of OGSE dMRI has been shown to differentiate tumor types and malignancies, enable early diagnosis of treatment effectiveness, and reveal different pathophysiology of lesions in stroke and neurological diseases. Recent innovations in high‐performance gradient human MRI systems provide an opportunity to translate OGSE research findings in pre‐clinical studies to human research and the clinic. The implementation of OGSE dMRI in human studies has the promise to advance our understanding of human brain microstructure and improve patient care. Compared to the clinical standard (pulsed gradient spin echo), engineering OGSE diffusion encoding for human imaging is more challenging. This review summarizes the impact of hardware and human biophysical safety considerations on the waveform design, imaging parameter space, and image quality of OGSE dMRI. Here we discuss the effects of the gradient amplitude, slew rate, peripheral nerve stimulation, cardiac stimulation, gradient driver, acoustic noise and mechanical vibration, eddy currents, gradient nonlinearity, concomitant gradient, motion and flow, and signal‐to‐noise ratio. We believe that targeted engineering for safe, high‐quality, and reproducible imaging will enable the translation of OGSE dMRI techniques into the clinic.

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  • Stronger gradients and dedicated diffusion-MRI sequences such as oscillating-gradient spin echo (OGSE) permit shorter diffusion times and reveal additional tissue-specific information through diffusion-time-dependent water behavior.

    “Today, stronger gradients and dedicated diffusion-MRI sequences, such as oscillating-gradient spin echo (OGSE), permit shorter diffusion times and reveal additional tissue-specific information through diffusion-time-dependent water behavior (Does et al., 2003; Zhu et al., 2025).”

    From 40 Years of diffusion MRI in the brain: From history to emerging frontiers (2026) · cites this paper as Zhu et al., 2025

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Cited by

Sorted by citations

Authors
Zhu, A., Michael, E. S., Li, H., Sprenger, T., Hua, Y., Lee, S., Yeo, D. T. B., McNab, J. A., Hennel, F., Fieremans, E., Wu, D., Foo, T. K. F., & Novikov, D. S.
Affiliations
  • GE Global Research (United States) (US)
  • University of Zurich (CH)
  • Application Engineering GE HealthCare Waukesha Wisconsin USA
  • MRI Clinical Solutions GE HealthCare Munich Germany
  • Stanford Medicine (US)
  • Center for Advanced Imaging Innovation and Research (US)
  • Zhejiang University (CN)
ORCID
Venue
Magnetic Resonance in Medicine
Publisher
Wiley
Published
2025-05-07
Volume
94
Issue
3
Pages
913-936
ISSN
  • 0740-3194 (ISSN-L)
  • 1522-2594
DOI
10.1002/mrm.30510
PMC
PMC12262058
OpenAlex
W4410169598
Cited by
13
References
3
Citations by year
2026: 12 · 2025: 1
FWCI
2.05
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Licence
onlinelibrary.wiley.com/termsAndConditions#vor (vor)
Locations
  • Magnetic Resonance in Medicine (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
Funders
  • National Institutes of Health (U01EB034313, P41EB017183, S10OD034309, R01NS095985)
  • National Natural Science Foundation of China (32427802, U24A200313)
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging › Advanced Neuroimaging Techniques and Applications
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging › Advanced MRI Techniques and Applications
  • Physical Sciences › Physics and Astronomy › Nuclear and High Energy Physics › NMR spectroscopy and applications
Keywords
oscillating gradient spin echo, clinical translation, peripheral nerve stimulation, cardiac stimulation, acoustic noise, mechanical vibration, eddy currents, gradient nonlinearity, signal-to-noise ratio, tissue microstructure imaging, tumor differentiation, stroke, neurological disorders
MeSH terms
Brain, Equipment Design, Humans, Image Processing, Computer-Assisted, Diffusion Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Translational Research, Biomedical

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