A multi-compartmental SE-BOLD interpretation for stimulus-related signal changes in diffusion-weighted functional MRI
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A new interpretation is proposed for stimulus-induced signal changes in diffusion-weighted functional MRI. T(2)-weighted spin-echo echo-planar images were acquired at different diffusion-weightings while visual stimulation was presented to human volunteers. The amplitudes of the positive stimulus-correlated response and post-stimulus undershoot (PSU) in the functional time-courses were found to follow different trends as a function of b-value. Data were analysed using a three-compartment signal model, with one compartment being purely vascular and the other two dominated by fast- and slow-diffusing molecules in the brain tissue. The diffusion coefficients of the tissue were assumed to be constant throughout the experiments. It is shown that the stimulus-induced signal changes can be decomposed into independent contributions originating from each of the three compartments. After decomposition, the fast-diffusion phase displays a substantial PSU, while the slow-diffusion phase demonstrates a highly reproducible and stimulus-correlated time-course with minimal undershoot. The decomposed responses are interpreted in terms of the spin-echo blood oxygenation level dependent (SE-BOLD) effect, and it is proposed that the signal produced by fast- and slow-diffusing molecules reflect a sensitivity to susceptibility changes in arteriole/venule- and capillary-sized vessels, respectively. This interpretation suggests that diffusion-weighted SE-BOLD imaging may provide subtle information a…
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T2-weighted spin-echo diffusion MRI retains residual vascular effects related to BOLD.
“T2-weighted spin-echo diffusion MRI retains residual vascular effects related to BOLD (Aso et al., 2009; de Riedmatten, Spencer, Olszowy, et al., 2025; Kershaw et al., 2009; Miller et al., 2007).”
From 40 Years of diffusion MRI in the brain: From history to emerging frontiers (2026) · cites this paper as Kershaw et al., 2009
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Direct and fast detection of neuronal activation in the human brain with diffusion MRI
Le Bihan, D., Urayama, S.-I., Aso, T., Hanakawa, T., & Fukuyama, H. (2006) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.0600644103 · Cited by 272 · see citing works
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Functional diffusion tensor imaging at 3 Tesla
Mandl, R. (2013) · Frontiers in Human Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnhum.2013.00817 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
40 Years of diffusion MRI in the brain: From history to emerging frontiers
Le Bihan, D. (2026) · Imaging Neuroscience · doi:10.1162/imag.a.1365
“T2-weighted spin-echo diffusion MRI retains residual vascular effects related to BOLD ( Aso et al., 2009; de Riedmatten, Spencer, Olszowy, et al., 2025; Kershaw et al., 2009; Miller et al., 2007).”
- Authors
- Kershaw, J., Tomiyasu, M., Kashikura, K., Hirano, Y., Nonaka, H., Hirano, M., Ikehira, H., Kanno, I., & Obata, T.
- Affiliations
- National Institute of Radiological Sciences (JP)
- Gunma Prefectural College of Health Sciences (JP)
- GE HealthCare (Japan) (JP)
- Corresponding author
- Obata, Takayuki
- Venue
- NMR in Biomedicine
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2009-05-06
- Volume
- 22
- Issue
- 7
- Pages
- 770-778
- ISSN
- 0952-3480 (ISSN-L)
- 1099-1492
- OpenAlex
- W2024997856
- Cited by
- 14
- References
- 1
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2017: 1 · 2015: 1 · 2014: 2 · 2013: 3 · 2012: 2
- FWCI
- 1.50
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- repo.qst.go.jp
- Licence
- Locations
- NMR in Biomedicine (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Institutional Repositories DataBase (IRDB) (submittedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- Funders
- Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology (MEXT), Japanese Government.
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging › Advanced MRI Techniques and Applications
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging › Advanced Neuroimaging Techniques and Applications
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging › Optical Imaging and Spectroscopy Techniques
- Keywords
- spin-echo echo-planar imaging, diffusion coefficient, vascular compartment, hemodynamic response, neural responses, visual stimulation
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Female, Humans, Male, Oxygen, Photic Stimulation, Spin Labels, Time Factors, Diffusion Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Young Adult
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