Models of energy homeostasis in response to maintenance of reduced body weight
Open accessAbstract
Objective: To test three proposed models for adaptive thermogenesis in compartments of energy expenditure following different degrees of weight loss. Specifically, (1) there is no adaptive thermogenesis [constant relationship of energy expenditure (EE) to metabolic mass]. (2) There is a fixed degree of adaptive thermogenesis once fat stores are below a “threshold.” (3) The degree of adaptive thermogenesis is proportional to weight loss. Methods: The relationship between weight loss and EE was examined in 17 inpatient subjects with stable weight and obesity studied at usual weight and again following a 10% and a 20% weight loss. Results: Following initial weight loss (10%), resting (REE) and non‐resting (NREE) EE were significantly below those predicted on the basis of the amount and composition of weight lost. Further reductions below predicted values of NREE but not REE occurred following an additional 10% weight loss. Changes in body weight, composition, and/or energy stores were significantly correlated with changes in EE. Conclusions: All models are applicable to the decline in EE following weight loss. The disproportionate decline in REE is consistent with a threshold model (no change with further weight loss) while the disproportionate decline in NREE is largely reflective of the degree of weight loss.
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The high activity level appears necessary to compensate for greater-than-expected reductions in energy expenditure, both at rest and during activity, which accompany weight loss (metabolic adaptation).
“The high activity level appears necessary to compensate for greater-than-expected reductions in energy expenditure, both at rest and during activity, which accompany weight loss (i.e., metabolic adaptation) [33–35].”
From The Role of Lifestyle Modification with Second-Generation Anti-obesity Medications: Comparisons, Questions, and Clinical Opportunities (2023) · cites this paper as [33]
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References 39 · Cited by 95
Research works printed but not linked: 2
- Rosenbaum M, Leibel R. The role of leptin in energy homeostasis in humans. J Endocrinol 2015;223:T83-T96.
- Wing R, Hill J. Successful weight loss maintenance. Annu Rev Nutr 2001;21:323-341.
- Authors
- Rosenbaum, M., & Leibel, R. L.
- Affiliations
- Columbia University (US)
- Corresponding author
- Rosenbaum, Michael
- Venue
- Obesity
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2016-07-27
- Volume
- 24
- Issue
- 8
- Pages
- 1620-1629
- ISSN
- 1930-7381 (ISSN-L)
- 1930-739X
- PMC
- PMC4965234
- OpenAlex
- W2508575469
- Cited by
- 95
- References
- 39
- Citations by year
- 2026: 3 · 2025: 7 · 2024: 3 · 2023: 11 · 2022: 9 · 2021: 12 · 2020: 16 · 2019: 5 · 2018: 14 · 2017: 10 · 2016: 4
- FWCI
- 7.00
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- Obesity (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- Università di Pisa
- National Institutes of Health (UL1TR000040, DK26687, RR-00645, TR000040, 1 TR000040)
- National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (R01DK064773, P30DK026687)
- National Center for Research Resources (P41RR002305, M01RR000645)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Endocrine and Autonomic Systems › Regulation of Appetite and Obesity
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Adipose Tissue and Metabolism
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Obesity, Physical Activity, Diet
- Keywords
- adaptive thermogenesis, energy homeostasis, weight loss, energy expenditure, resting energy expenditure, fat stores, threshold model
- MeSH terms
- Adaptation, Physiological, Adult, Body Composition, Body Weight, Energy Metabolism, Homeostasis, Humans, Male, Obesity, Rest, Weight Loss, Thermogenesis
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