Differential Effects of Alternate-Day Fasting Versus Daily Calorie Restriction on Insulin Resistance
Open accessAbstract
OBJECTIVE: This study compared the effects of alternate-day fasting (ADF) with those of daily calorie restriction (CR) on body weight and glucoregulatory factors in adults with overweight or obesity and insulin resistance. METHODS: This secondary analysis examined the data of insulin-resistant individuals (n = 43) who participated in a 12-month study that compared ADF (25% energy needs on "fast days"; 125% energy needs on alternating "feast days") with CR (75% energy needs every day) and a control group regimen. RESULTS: In insulin-resistant participants, weight loss was not different between ADF (-8% ± 2%) and CR (-6% ± 1%) by month 12, relative to controls (P < 0.0001). Fat mass and BMI decreased (P < 0.05) similarly from ADF and CR. ADF produced greater decreases (P < 0.05) in fasting insulin (-52% ± 9%) and insulin resistance (-53% ± 9%) compared with CR (-14% ± 9%; -17% ± 11%) and the control regimen by month 12. Lean mass, visceral fat mass, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, triglycerides, blood pressure, C-reactive protein, tumor necrosis factor α, and interleukin 6 values remained unchanged. CONCLUSIONS: These findings suggest that ADF may produce greater reductions in fasting insulin and insulin resistance compared with CR in insulin-resistant participants despite similar decreases in body weight.
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Analysis of insulin-resistant participants from that study revealed similar weight loss between IF and calorie-restricted interventions after 12 months.
“Analysis of insulin-resistant participants from that study, revealed similar weight loss between IF and calorie-restricted interventions after 12 months [351].”
From Effects of diet, lifestyle, Chrononutrition and alternative dietary interventions on postprandial Glycemia and insulin resistance (2022) · cites this paper as [351]
Both diet interventions had similar effects on reductions in fat mass and BMI.
“Both diet interventions had similar effects on reductions in fat mass and BMI.”
From Effects of diet, lifestyle, Chrononutrition and alternative dietary interventions on postprandial Glycemia and insulin resistance (2022) · cites this paper as [351]
ADF resulted in greater decreases in fasting insulin and insulin sensitivity despite a similar decrease in body weight with the other diet plans.
“However, ADF resulted in greater decreases in fasting insulin and insulin sensitivity despite a similar decrease in body weight with the other diet plans [351].”
From Effects of diet, lifestyle, Chrononutrition and alternative dietary interventions on postprandial Glycemia and insulin resistance (2022) · cites this paper as [351]
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References 33 · Cited by 144
- Authors
- Gabel, K., Kroeger, C. M., Trepanowski, J. F., Hoddy, K. K., Cienfuegos, S., Kalam, F., & Varady, K. A.
- Affiliations
- University of Illinois Chicago (US)
- The University of Sydney (AU)
- Corresponding author
- Varady, Krista A.
- ORCID
- Venue
- Obesity
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2019-07-22
- Volume
- 27
- Issue
- 9
- Pages
- 1443-1450
- ISSN
- 1930-7381 (ISSN-L)
- 1930-739X
- PMC
- PMC7138754
- OpenAlex
- W2964075095
- Cited by
- 144
- References
- 33
- Citations by year
- 2026: 10 · 2025: 28 · 2024: 16 · 2023: 18 · 2022: 24 · 2021: 23 · 2020: 22 · 2019: 3
- FWCI
- 12.35
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Obesity (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (R01HL106228)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Dietary Effects on Health
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diabetes, Cardiovascular Risks, and Lipoproteins
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Diet and metabolism studies
- Keywords
- alternate-day fasting, caloric restriction, insulin resistance, fasting insulin, weight loss, overweight, fat mass, visceral fat, lipid profile, inflammation, C-reactive protein, TNF-α, interleukin-6, blood pressure
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Adult, Aged, Fasting, Female, Humans, Insulin, Insulin Resistance, Male, Middle Aged, Caloric Restriction, Young Adult
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