The DOI matches its Crossref record; 17 of the 17 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Increasing off‐label use of antipsychotic medications in the United States, 1995–2008
Open accessAbstract
Objective: To evaluate patterns of antipsychotic use. Design, setting, and measurements: We used nationally representative data from the IMS Health National Disease and Therapeutic Index to describe outpatient antipsychotic use. The primary outcome was the volume of visits where antipsychotics were used for specific indications (treatment visits). We also quantified use without U.S. Food and Drug Administration approval (off‐label use) and off‐label use with compendium data suggesting an uncertain evidence base. Results: Antipsychotic use increased from 6.2 million (M) treatment visits (95% CI, 5.4–7.0) in 1995 to 16.7 M visits (15.5–18.2) in 2006, then declined to 14.3 M visits (13.0–15.6) by 2008. A shift occurred from typical agents in 1995 (84% of all antipsychotic visits) to atypical agents by 2008 (93%). As they declined, typical medications shifted toward use in schizophrenia (30% in 1995 to 48% 2008). In contrast, use of atypical agents expanded for bipolar affective disorder (10 to 34%), remained stable for depression (12 to 14%), and declined for schizophrenia (56 to 23%). Overall, antipsychotic use for indications without FDA approval increased from 4.4 M visits in 1995 to 9.0 M in 2008. The estimated cost associated with off‐label use in 2008 was US$6.0 billion. Conclusions: Atypical use has grown far beyond substitution for the now infrequently used typical agents. Antipsychotics are increasingly used for conditions where FDA approval and associated clinical evidence is less certain. Despite the value of innovation, the benefits of widening atypical antipsychotic use should be weighed against their cost, regulatory status, and incomplete nature of available evidence. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Yatham, L., & Malhi, G. (2011) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/med/9780199562305.001.0001 · Cited by 3,506
Atypical antipsychotic drugs and the risk of sudden cardiac death
Ray, W. A., Chung, C. P., Murray, K. T., Hall, K., & Stein, C. M. (2009) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmoa0806994 · Cited by 1,194
McEvoy, J. P., Lieberman, J. A., Stroup, T. S., Davis, S. M., Meltzer, H. Y., Rosenheck, R. A., Swartz, M. S., Perkins, D. O., Keefe, R. S. E., Davis, C. E., et al. (2006) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/ajp.2006.163.4.600 · Cited by 1,018
National Trends in the Outpatient Diagnosis and Treatment of Bipolar Disorder in Youth
Moreno, C., Laje, G., Blanco, C., Jiang, H., Schmidt, A. B., & Olfson, M. (2007) · Archives of General Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/archpsyc.64.9.1032 · Cited by 724
Antipsychotic Drug Use and Mortality in Older Adults with Dementia
Gill, S. S., Bronskill, S. E., Normand, S.-L. T., Anderson, G. M., Sykora, K., Lam, K., Bell, C. M., Lee, P. E., Fischer, H. D., Herrmann, N., et al. (2007) · Annals of Internal Medicine · doi:10.7326/0003-4819-146-11-200706050-00006 · Cited by 624
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The underutilization of cardiacmedications of proven benefit, 1990 to 2002
Stafford, R. S., & Radley, D. C. (2003) · Journal of the American College of Cardiology · doi:10.1016/s0735-1097(02)02670-0 · Cited by 286
Self-citationSmith, M., Hopkins, D., Peveler, R. C., Holt, R. I. G., Woodward, M., & Ismail, K. (2008) · British Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1192/bjp.bp.107.037184 · Cited by 275
Rummel-Kluge, C., Komossa, K., Schwarz, S., Hunger, H., Schmid, F., Kissling, W., Davis, J. M., & Leucht, S. (2012) · Schizophrenia Bulletin · doi:10.1093/schbul/sbq042 · Cited by 272
Crystal, S., Olfson, M., Huang, C., Pincus, H., & Gerhard, T. (2009) · Health Affairs · doi:10.1377/hlthaff.28.5.w770 · Cited by 268
Cited by
Maher, A. R., Maglione, M., Bagley, S., Suttorp, M., Hu, J.-H., Ewing, B., Wang, Z., Timmer, M., Sultzer, D., & Shekelle, P. G. (2011) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.2011.1360 · Cited by 558
Olfson, M., Blanco, C., Wang, S., Laje, G., & Correll, C. U. (2014) · JAMA Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2013.3074 · Cited by 449
A systematic review and meta-analysis of premature mortality in bipolar affective disorder
Hayes, J. F., Miles, J., Walters, K., King, M., & Osborn, D. P. J. (2015) · Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica · doi:10.1111/acps.12408 · Cited by 370
Ten common questions (and their answers) about off-label drug use
Wittich, C. M., Burkle, C. M., & Lanier, W. L. (2012) · Mayo Clinic Proceedings · doi:10.1016/j.mayocp.2012.04.017 · Cited by 368
Baldessarini, R. J. (2013) · doi:10.1007/978-1-4614-3710-9 · Cited by 365
Metadata
- Authors
- Alexander, G. C., Gallagher, S. A., Mascola, A., Moloney, R. M., & Stafford, R. S.
- Venue
- Pharmacoepidemiology and Drug Safety
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2011-01-06
- Volume
- 20
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 177-184
- ISSN
- 1053-8569 (ISSN-L)
- 1099-1557
- OpenAlex
- W2164142166
- Cited by
- 423
- References
- 17
- FWCI
- 26.79
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
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