Covert and overt expressions of self‐criticism and perfectionism and their relation to depression
Abstract
Multiple measures of both the covert and overt expressions of self‐criticism and perfectionism have been developed. The present study examined the relation between a measure of overt self‐criticism and several measures of covert self‐criticism and perfectionism, using 59 male and 152 female university students. The study also examined the relation between these constructs and depression. The results replicated previous reports that two factors, self‐critical perfectionism and high personal standards, underlie existing measures of covert expressions. Self‐critical perfectionism and overt self‐criticism were shown to be independent predictors of depression, suggesting the importance of assessing the overt interpersonal, as well as the covert, manifestations of self‐criticism. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Females demonstrate more self-criticism.
“Evidence that females demonstrate more self‐criticism (Powers, Zuroff, & Topciu, 2004) suggests that this variable may play an important role in the observed gender differences in depression rates.”
From A mindful yoga intervention for young women with major depressive disorder: Design and baseline sample characteristics of a randomized controlled trial (2020) · cites this paper as Powers, Zuroff, & Topciu, 2004
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References 43 · Cited by 82
- Authors
- Powers, T. A., Zuroff, D. C., & Topciu, R. A.
- Affiliations
- University of Massachusetts Dartmouth (US)
- McGill University (CA)
- Venue
- European Journal of Personality
- Publisher
- SAGE Publications
- Published
- 2004-01
- Volume
- 18
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 61-72
- ISSN
- 0890-2070 (ISSN-L)
- 1099-0984
- OpenAlex
- W2128635730
- Cited by
- 82
- References
- 43
- Citations by year
- 2025: 2 · 2024: 4 · 2023: 2 · 2022: 4 · 2021: 7 · 2020: 3 · 2019: 3 · 2018: 4 · 2017: 4 · 2016: 2 · 2015: 4 · 2014: 5 · 2013: 1 · 2012: 1
- FWCI
- 4.02
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- European Journal of Personality (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Perfectionism, Procrastination, Anxiety Studies
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Personality Traits and Psychology
- Keywords
- self-criticism, perfectionism, self-critical perfectionism, depression, university students
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