Unpacking the Social Media Bot: A Typology to Guide Research and Policy
Gorwa, Robert, Guilbeault, Douglas·2020·Policy & Internet
DOI 10.1002/poi3.184
Cited by (265)
Items 101–200 of 265
- Dealing with Disinformation: Evaluating the Case for Amendment of Section 230 of the Communications Decency ActTim Hwang · 2017 · Cambridge University Press eBooks
- Социальные боты в компьютерной пропаганде: серфинг на информационной волне коронавирусаВалерия Валентиновна Василькова, Наталья Игоревна Легостаева · 2020 · Monitoring obŝestvennogo mneniâ: èkonomičeskie i socialʹnye peremeny
- Flagged for Fraud: Lessons From 3 Case Studies on Detecting Inauthentic Participants in Online ResearchJordan R. Hill, Sydney Hoel, Clover Caldwell, Matthew Zuraw, Christian Elliott, Andrew C. Pickett, Beth Fields, Nicole E. Werner · 2025 · Journal of Medical Internet Research
- Enhanced information processing for smart detection of clone accounts on social mediaRupa Rani, Kuldeep Kumar Yogi, Satya Prakash Yadav · 2025 · Engineering Applications of Artificial Intelligence
- Digital era open government and democratic governance: The case of Government of Canada Wikipedia editingAmanda Clarke, Elizabeth Dubois · 2020 · Canadian Public Administration
- Who Watches the Birdwatchers? Sociotechnical Vulnerabilities in Twitter’s Content ContextualisationGarfield Benjamin · 2022 · Lecture notes in computer science
- Bots: Genuine or MaliciousLale Madahali, Jin Tian · 2023 · IEEE Annual Ubiquitous Computing, Electronics & Mobile Communication Conference (UEMCON)
- Exploring the Nexus of Citizen Journalism, Technology, and Psychology: Insights from Palestinian JournalistsIbrahim Mohammad Horoub · 2023 · Journalism Practice
- Deep Temporal Analysis of Twitter BotsGayathri Rajendran, Arjun Ram, Vishnu Vijayan, Prabaharan Poornachandran · 2020 · Communications in computer and information science
- How much do Twitter posts affect voters? Analysis of the multi-emotional charge with affective computing in political campaignsDavid Valle-Cruz, Asdrúbal López‐Chau, Rodrigo Sandoval‐Almazán · 2021 · Annual International Conference on Digital Government Research
- The Narrative, Discourse and Terminology of the Western Balkans Online Media Reporting on the Russia-Ukraine WarFerid Selimi, Safet Zejnullahu · 2023 · Studies in Media and Communication
- Twitter bot detection & categorization - a comparative study of machine learning methodsJan Novotný · 2019 · Lund University Publications Student Papers (Lund University)
- Research on the generalization of social bot detection from two dimensions: feature extraction and detection approachesZiming Zeng, Tingting Li, Jingjing Sun, Shouqiang Sun, Yu Zhang · 2022 · Data Technologies and Applications
- Social media use, social bot literacy, perceived threats from bots, and perceived bot control: a moderated-mediation modelWei Fang, Chen Nie · 2023 · Behaviour and Information Technology
- South African bot behaviour post the July 2018 Twitter account cullCoral Featherstone · 2019 · International Conference on Artificial Intelligence, Big Data, Computing and Data Communication Systems (icABCD)
- Tourism content on Twitter (X) during a crisisLluís Garay, Maartje Roelofsen · 2024 · Annals of Tourism Research Empirical Insights
- Inside the Tool Set of Automation: Free Social Bot Code RevisitedDennis Assenmacher, Lena Adam, Lena Frischlich, Heike Trautmann, Christian Grimme · 2020 · Lecture notes in computer science
- Verstrickt in der Rhetorik der Technologie-, Daten- und Medienunternehmen? Zu Problematiken im Umgang mit nicht-wissenschaftlichen NutzungsdatenSilke Fürst · 2021 · Studies in Communication and Media
- Социальные боты как инструмент развития гражданского участияВалерия Валентиновна Василькова, Наталья Игоревна Легостаева, Vladimir Radushevskii · 2019 · Monitoring obŝestvennogo mneniâ: èkonomičeskie i socialʹnye peremeny
- Alles Bots?Florian Muhle · 2020 · Ars digitalis
- Rumors, Fake News, Disinformation, Propaganda and Social Media Algorithm During (July–August 2024) Young Jihadists-Hostility: Content Producing and Diffusing Perspectives of BangladeshMustak Ahmed · 2025 · Preprints.org
- The lives and afterlives of community-created bots on Twitter: A minor historyDominique Carlon, Jean Burgess, Kateryna Kasianenko · 2025 · Convergence The International Journal of Research into New Media Technologies
- Das Phänomen Social MediaRalf Hohlfeld, Alexander Godulla, Rosanna Planer · 2021 · Springer eBooks
- Analyzing the pro-Kremlin media on the Czech Twitter through social bot probabilityMiroslava Pačková, Jan Hanzelka, Barbora Šenkýřová · 2024 · Journal of Contemporary European Studies
- An Analysis of Social Bot Activity on X in Modern JapanShuhei Ippa, Takao Okubo, Masaki Hashimoto · 2024 · IEEE Access
- Effects of Identity Cues and Communication Channels in Social Networking Sites Campaign Chatbots on User Perceptions and Behavior IntentionsFangcao Lu, Stella C. Chia · 2025 · International Journal of Human-Computer Interaction
- Social Bots As an Instrument of Influence in Social Networks: Typologization ProblemsВалерия Валентиновна Василькова, Natalya I. Legostaeva · 2021 · KnE Social Sciences
- Influence of Anonymity on Online Counseling Platforms amongst Young AdultsSimrah Asif Hamdulay, Aradhana Balodi Bhardwaj, Richa Gupta, Sharikha Riyaz · 2023 · International Conference on Computational Intelligence and Knowledge Economy (ICCIKE)
- DEVELOPMENT AND GENESIS OF PRIVATE SECURITY IN SERBIABranko Leštanin, Željko Nikač · 2022 · 45 Years Higher Education in the Area of Security – Educational Challenges and Security Perspectives
- Social bots shape public issue networks in China’s dual-carbon agenda: a network analysis using MRQAPHan Yu Lin, Menghan Zhang, Xue Qi, Wenqian Shen · 2025 · Humanities and Social Sciences Communications
- Innovative multi objective optimization based automatic fake news detectionCebrail Barut, Suna Yildirim, Bilal Alataş, Güngör Yıldırım · 2025 · PeerJ Computer Science
- Die überschätzte Gefahr? Twitter-Bots im Europawahlkampf 2019Fabian Pfaffenberger, Philipp Heinrich · 2020 · Springer eBooks
- Puhekaverina bottiSalla-Maaria Laaksonen, Kaisa Laitinen, Minna Koivula, Tanja Sihvonen · 2020 · Lähikuva – audiovisuaalisen kulttuurin tieteellinen julkaisu
- The Algorithmic Public Opinion: a Policy OverviewUrbano Reviglio · 2022
- Hacking Hybrid MediaStephen R. Barnard · 2024
- Bot Versus Humans: Who Can Challenge Corporate Hypocrisy on Social Media?S. Armstrong, C. Neal, Rong-Wei Tang, Hyejoon Rim, E. Vraga · 2024 · Social Media + Society
- Enhancing Public Health Policy Communication Through Government–Citizen Social Media Interactions: The Impact of Replying Agents, Inquiry Tone, and Institutional TrustXinzhi Zhang, Fangcao Lu · 2025 · Policy & Internet
- Prayer-Bots and Religious Worship on Twitter: A Call for a Wider Research AgendaCarl Öhman, Robert Gorwa, Luciano Floridi · 2021 · Philosophical studies series
- Interacting with the News Through Voice User InterfacesOda Elise Nordberg, Frode Guribye · 2023 · Lecture notes in computer science
- THE SYSTEMS APPROACH: A SMALL TACTICAL UNITVladimir Statev · 2022 · 45 Years Higher Education in the Area of Security – Educational Challenges and Security Perspectives
- Working Together (to Undermine Democratic Institutions): Challenging the Social Bot Paradigm in SSIO ResearchCole Polychronis, Marina Kogan · 2023 · Proceedings of the ACM on Human-Computer Interaction
- UTILIZING TWITTER DATA TO UDERSTAND GLOBAL HALAL INDUSTRY TRENDS AND DEVELOPMENTS IN THE DIGITAL ERANadia Nurul Izza, Anita Priantina, Aam Slamet Rusydiana · 2023 · Airlangga International Journal of Islamic Economics and Finance
- Coronary Revascularization in Stable Coronary Artery Disease. State of the ArtNatalia V. Popova, Popov Va, Amiran Sh. Revishvili · 2024 · e-Journal of Cardiovascular Medicine
- Digitalización, política e inteligencia artificial: revisión sistematizada de la producción científicaSara Pérez‐Seijo, Ángel Vizoso · 2024 · Más poder local
- Russian Active Measures in Cyberspace through the Lens of Security SectorsMiroslava Pavlíková · 2023 · Politické vedy
- Social Media Bot Policies: Evaluating Passive and Active EnforcementKristina Radivojevic, Christopher McAleer, Catrell Conley, Cormac Kennedy, Paul R. Brenner · 2024 · International Conference on Social Networks Analysis, Management and Security (SNAMS)
- Economic espionage via fake social media profiles in the UK: professional workers awareness and resilienceMark Button, D. Shepherd, Jeyong Jung · 2025 · Security Journal
- Bots By TopicKurt Wirth, Ericka Menchen-Trevino, Ryan T. Moore · 2019 · International Conference on Social Media and Society (SMSociety)
- Bots in Public Arenas of Social NetworksВалерия Валентиновна Василькова, Natalya I. Legostaeva · 2021 · Sociological Journal
- Bots, Trolls, Elves, and the Information War in Lithuania: Theoretical Considerations and Practical ProblemsAsta Zelenkauskaitė · 2022 · The Palgrave Macmillan series in international political communication
- Taxonomy and Bot Threats in Social NetworksLidia Vitkova, Maxim Kolomeets, Andrey Alexeevich Chechulin · 2022 · International Russian Automation Conference (RusAutoCon)
- Reducing complexity, signaling, and the pathways to nonsensical policyAdam Eckerd · 2023 · Administrative Theory & Praxis
- Triggered by Socialbots: Communicative Anthropomorphization of Bots in Online ConversationsSalla-Maaria Laaksonen, Kaisa Laitinen, Minna Koivula, Tanja Sihvonen · 2023 · Human-Machine Communication
- Investigating the Role of Social Bots During the 2019 Canadian ElectionLudovic Rheault, Andreea Musulan · 2020 · SSRN Electronic Journal
- Analysis of Malicious Behavior on Social Media Platforms Using Agent-Based ModelingAgnieszka Onuchowska · 2020 · Digital Commons - University of South Florida (University of South Florida)
- Detect, Document, and DebunkGabrielle Lim, Joan Donovan · 2021 · Oxford University Press eBooks
- RE-THINKING SECURITY THROUGH THE PRISM OF THE SECURITY STUDIES APPROACHAleksandar Pavleski · 2022 · 45 Years Higher Education in the Area of Security – Educational Challenges and Security Perspectives
- MODERN APPROACHES AND METHODS IN LEARNJonce Ivanovski, Aljosha Nedev · 2022 · 45 Years Higher Education in the Area of Security – Educational Challenges and Security Perspectives
- 17. Artificial CanariesZoe Cremer, Jess Whittlestone · 2024 · Open Book Publishers
- Bilişimsel Propaganda Farkındalık Ölçeği ve Kamuoyu Üzerindeki EtkisiElif AKÇAY, Cem Sütçü · 2024 · Türkiye İletişim Araştırmaları Dergisi
- An Analysis of Relationship Between Social Bots and Echo Chambers on X in Modern JapanShuhei Ippa, Takao Okubo, Masaki Hashimoto · 2024 · International Symposium on Computing and Networking
- After Twitter: aesthetic insecurity and the future of digital diplomacyEric Van Rythoven · 2025 · Journal of International Relations and Development
- Instrumental Bot Identities and the Politics of Online DiscourseAngeline Marie Letourneau · 2025 · Social Media + Society
- The AI-Enhanced Trafficking Threat: Examining the Technological Evolution of Trafficking in Persons Operations with AI ToolsJoel Levesque · 2025 · Journal of Human Trafficking
- Coordinated Computational Propaganda: Exploring Social Bot Activities During the July Revolution of BangladeshMd. Sayeed Al-Zaman · 2025 · Social Science Computer Review
- Content camouflage: How diversified posting patterns influence human detection of AI-enabled social botsCamille J. Saucier, Morgan Wack, D. Linvill, A. Okoronkwo, Gayatri Tatineni, Aybuke Sezgin · 2026 · Computers in Human Behavior
- Informational Power and Disinformation: Actors, Messages, Incentives, and Techniques of Disinformation CampaignsPhilipp Darius, Michael Urquhart · 2026 · Springer eBooks
- Communication strategies of social bots: models of influence on the audienceValeria V. Vasilkova, Natalya I. Legostaeva, Vladimir Radushevskii · 2019 · Вестник Санкт-Петербургского университета. Серия 12. Социология
- Materials and assessment of literacy level for the recognition of social bots in political misinformation contextsDafne Calvo, Lorena Cano‐Orón, Almudena Esteban Abengozar · 2020 · Redalyc (Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México)
- Hello, Twitter Bot!: Towards a Bot Ethics of Response and ResponsibilityLine Henriksen, Cancan Wang · 2022 · Catalyst Feminism Theory Technoscience
- Using social media to understand constituent and follower opinions: impact of “low quality” on US Senator information gatheringJacob R. Straus · 2022 · Transforming Government People Process and Policy
- Foreign Electoral Interference: Normative Implications in Light of International Law, Human Rights, and Democratic TheoryNils Reimann · 2023
- AUTHENTIC TEXTS AS A RESOURCE FOR DESIGNING PASSIVE VOICE EXERCISES FOR STUDENTS OF ENGLISH FOR LAW ENFORCEMENTVesna Trajkovska · 2022 · 45 Years Higher Education in the Area of Security – Educational Challenges and Security Perspectives
- Entropy-Based Automation Detection on Twitter Using DNA ProfilingRosario Gilmary, Akila Venkatesan · 2023 · SN Computer Science
- Botok, automatizált fiókok a közösségi médiábanAndrea Kovács · 2022 · Jogi Tanulmányok
- Governance durch Social Bots? Das Potenzial von automatisierten Accounts als Governance-Instrument in digitalen KommunikationsumgebungenStefano Pedrazzi · 2024 · Mediensymposium.
- Exploring advantages and challenges of chatbot integration in human-robot interactionBobby Lukose, Jayanthiladevi · 2023 · i-manager’s Journal on Software Engineering
- Quantifying Bot Impact: An Information-Theoretic Analysis of Complexity and Uncertainty in Online Political Communication DynamicsBeril Bulat, Martin Hilbert · 2025 · Entropy
- O uso de bots sociais como ameaça à democraciaMateus de Oliveira Fornasier · 2020 · Revista Brasileira de Políticas Públicas
- Neurocracia: la Democracia del Tercer MilenioJuan Guillermo Estay Sepúlveda, Mario Lagomarsino Montoya, Juan Mansilla Sepúlveda, Rosalba Mancinas-Chávez, Alex Véliz Burgos, Alessandro Monteverde Sánchez · 2021 · Cuestiones Políticas
- Be Careful Who You FollowIzabela Krysińska, Tomi Wójtowicz, Agata Olejniuk, Mikołaj Morzy, Jan Piasecki · 2021
- Vinci Salvini! Boosting engagement in the 2019 European elections campaign in ItalyRoberta Bracciale, Francesco Grisolia, Antonio Martella, Maurizio Tesconi · 2022 · First Monday
- Unmasking Deepfake Tweets: Leveraging Deep Learning and Word Embeddings for Accurate Classification of Machine-Generated Text on Social MediaSaima Sadiq, Saleem Ullah · 2023 · SSRN Electronic Journal
- El fenómeno de la desinformación: Revisión de experiencias internacionales y en Chile (Informe 1)Pedro Anguita Ramírez, Ingrid Bachmann, Lionel Brossi, Claudio Elórtegui-Gómez, María José Escobar, Paulina Ibarra, Jiménez Lara, Fabián Padilla, Patricia Peña · 2023
- Bots on Social Media: The Past, Present and FutureSippo Rossi · 2024
- Chatbot for COVID-19 Emergency Response and Digital Neighborhood SurveillanceAyu Nurul Amalia, Mohammad Sani Suprayogi · 2021 · International Conference on Sustainable Innovation – Social, Humanity, and Education (ICoSIHESS)
- Understanding Online Information Operations: Development of an Influence Network for Scientific Inquiry Testing Environment (INSITE)Courtney L. Crooks, Tom McNeil, Ben D. Sawyer, Matthew Canham, David Muchlinski · 2020 · IEEE International Conference on Big Data (BigData)
- Bibliography2022 · Duke University Press eBooks
- The “Speech” in Freedom of Speech2022 · Duke University Press eBooks
- “A Primitive but Effective Means of Conveying Ideas”2022 · Duke University Press eBooks
- An Integrated Framework for Sentiment Analysis of Giant Cold Drinks CompaniesTahir Muhammad Ali, Ali Nawaz, Attique Ur Rehman · 2021 · International Conference on Innovative Computing (ICIC)
- Speech without Speakers2022 · Duke University Press eBooks
- Appendix on Methods2022 · Duke University Press eBooks
- Moving Images and Early Twentieth-Century Public Opinion2022 · Duke University Press eBooks
- PrefaceNathaniel Persily, Joshua Aaron Tucker · 2020 · Cambridge University Press eBooks
- The Past and Future of Speech2022 · Duke University Press eBooks
- Notes2022 · Duke University Press eBooks
- Speaking Machines2022 · Duke University Press eBooks
- Transmitters, Relays, and Messages2022 · Duke University Press eBooks
- Opinion leadership in sustainable fashion communities : an online social network inquiryJeanette Orminski · 2021