The DOI matches its Crossref record; 37 of the 38 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Vicarious traumatization: symptoms and predictors
Abstract
Having to intervene in severe crises or bearing witness to human tragedy, can take its toll on the individual (Erickson, Vande Kemp, Gorsuch, Hoke & Foy, 2001; Lind, 2000; Lugris, 2000). These effects can include severe, debilitating anxiety that persists for months and sometimes even years following the event. Because these people are not directly involved in the event, their distress often goes undetected (Brady, Guy, Poelstra & Brokaw, 1999; Motta, Joseph, Rose, Suozzi & Leiderman, 1997). Support resources for people who are indirectly affected by a traumatic event are limited. To date, a history of previous trauma, previous psychological well‐being, social support, age, gender, educational achievement, socio‐economic status and styles of coping have been highlighted as mediating the effects of indirect exposure to a traumatic incident. Understanding this phenomenon and the mechanisms precipitating such distress is an important step in providing appropriate help for a large number of people indirectly affected by tragic events. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Overview
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In the citing paper
“This may be because when compared to older workers, they lack a wide array of life experiences to draw on, making them less equipped to deal with stressful situations (Lerias & Byrne, 2003).”
From The psychological impacts of content moderation on content moderators: A qualitative study (2023) · cites this paper as Lerias & Byrne, 2003
Citations
Cites
Meta-analysis of risk factors for posttraumatic stress disorder in trauma-exposed adults
Brewin, C. R., Andrews, B., & Valentine, J. D. (2000) · Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-006x.68.5.748 · Cited by 5,243
Trauma: explorations in memory
(1996) · Choice Reviews Online · doi:10.5860/choice.33-3030 · Cited by 2,349
Vicarious traumatization: An empirical study of the effects of trauma work on trauma therapists.
Pearlman, L. A., & Ian, P. S. M. (1995) · Professional Psychology Research and Practice · doi:10.1037/0735-7028.26.6.558 · Cited by 967
Predicting symptomatic distress in emergency services personnel.
Weiss, D. S., Marmar, C. R., Metzler, T. J., & Ronfeldt, H. M. (1995) · Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1037//0022-006x.63.3.361 · Cited by 352
Objective assessment of peritraumatic dissociation: psychophysiological indicators
(1997) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/ajp.154.8.1081 · Cited by 347
Gershuny, B. S. (1999) · Clinical Psychology Review · doi:10.1016/s0272-7358(98)00103-2 · Cited by 292
Brady, J. L., Guy, J. D., Poelstra, P. L., & Brokaw, B. F. (1999) · Professional Psychology Research and Practice · doi:10.1037/0735-7028.30.4.386 · Cited by 289
Marmar, C. R., Weiss, D. S., Metzler, T. J., & Delucchi, K. (1996) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/ajp.153.7.94 · Cited by 257
Vicarious traumatisation of counsellors and effects on their workplaces
Sexton, L. (1999) · British Journal of Guidance & Counselling · doi:10.1080/03069889908256279 · Cited by 209
Exposure to duty‐related incident stressors in urban firefighters and paramedics
Beaton, R. D., Murphy, S. A., Johnson, C., Pike, K., & Corneil, W. (1998) · Journal of Traumatic Stress · doi:10.1023/a:1024461920456 · Cited by 189
Flagged first, then by citations
1 of the 38 references couldn’t be matched to a known paper.
Research works printed but not linked: 10
- American Psychiatric Association, 2000, Diagnostic and statistical manual of psychiatric disorders
- Dollard J., 2003, Prisoner anxiety, coping and correctional officer rating of adjustment on entry to prison, Australian Journal of Forensic Psychology
- 10.1002/jts.2490100113 · DOI
- Lind E., 2000, Dissertation Abstracts International: Section B: the Sciences & Engineering, 5572
- Lugris V., 2000, Dissertation Abstracts International: Section B: the Sciences & Engineering, 5572
- Pirece R., 2000, Dissertation Abstracts International: Section B: the Sciences & Engineering, 1653
- Resick P., 2000, Stress and trauma
- 10.1037/0021-843X.103.2.383 · DOI
- Van der Kolk B., 1996, Traumatic stress: The effects of overwhelming experience on mind, body & society
- 10.1037/0022-006X.63.3.361 · DOI · Paper page
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Items 201–214 of 214
Crivari, O., Oxford, S., Schroder, C., Anderson, S., & McMillan, J. (2025) · Frontiers in Education · doi:10.3389/feduc.2025.1659431
Ruusunpunaisista pilvilinnoista tuuliajolle. Tahaton lapsettomuus psyykkisenä kriisinä
Sallinen, M. (2006) · Tampere University Institutional Repository (Tampere University)
Psychotherapists' views of using signature strengths in the workplace : an exploratory study
Atkinson, K. E. (2007) · Open ULeth Scholarship (OPUS) (University of Lethbridge)
The mental health consequences of the 2023 genocide in Gaza, Palestine: A scoping review
Atout, S., & Kim, A. (2026) · SSM - Mental Health · doi:10.1016/j.ssmmh.2026.100711
Wildfire research and mental health: impacts, reflections, and a call to action
Dickson‐Hoyle, S., Santana, F. N., Szostak, C., & Oelke, N. D. (2026) · Fire Ecology · doi:10.1186/s42408-025-00434-8
Passion at work and compassion satisfaction among highly sensitive speech and language therapists
Bordarie, J., & Mourtialon, C. (2026) · Speech Language and Hearing · doi:10.1080/2050571x.2026.2641852
Ozkizilbulut, T., & Okumuşoğlu, S. (2026) · International Journal Of Eurasia Social Sciences · doi:10.70736/ijoess.570
Mental Well‐Being in the Veterinary Field
Johanson, A. (2026) · doi:10.1002/9781394332007.ch5
The ethical weight of monitoring-as-witnessing: ICU nurses’ vicarious trauma
Wang, Y., Chen, H., Guo, X., Zheng, Y. N., & Gu, Y. (2026) · Nursing Ethics · doi:10.1177/09697330261449459
Fraim, N. L. (2026) · Cyprus Turkish Journal of Psychiatry and Psychology · doi:10.35365/ctjpp.26.2.13
Trauma, haunting, and the politics of conducting fieldwork
Ramshorst, J. P. V. (2026) · Emotion, space and society · doi:10.1016/j.emospa.2026.101199
Herold, M. L., Schreyer, B., & Rosner, R. (2026) · Clinical Psychology & Psychotherapy · doi:10.1002/cpp.70305
Bari, J. S., Jabeen, A., Ahsan, A., & Butt, K. (2026) · Mental Health Religion & Culture · doi:10.1080/13674676.2026.2751029
The Discussion about Vicarious Trauma and Posttraumatic Stress Disorder
朱, 琴. (2013) · Nursing Science · doi:10.12677/ns.2013.23005
Metadata
- Authors
- Lerias, D., & Byrne, M. K.
- Affiliations
- University of Wollongong (AU)
- Corresponding author
- Byrne, Mitchell K.
- Venue
- Stress and Health
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2003-08
- Volume
- 19
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 129-138
- ISSN
- 1532-2998 (ISSN-L)
- 1532-3005
- OpenAlex
- W2124832379
- Cited by
- 215
- References
- 38
- Citations by year
- 2026: 11 · 2025: 13 · 2024: 10 · 2023: 13 · 2022: 15 · 2021: 11 · 2020: 14 · 2019: 7 · 2018: 12 · 2017: 6 · 2016: 11 · 2015: 12 · 2014: 6 · 2013: 10 · 2012: 12
- FWCI
- 4.89
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Stress and Health (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Research
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Grief, Bereavement, and Mental Health
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Resilience and Mental Health
- Keywords
- vicarious trauma, indirect trauma exposure, secondary traumatic stress, crisis intervention, anxiety, predictors of distress, coping styles, social support, psychological well-being, socioeconomic status, gender differences
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review