Applications and potential toxicity of magnetic iron oxide nanoparticles
Abstract
Owing to their unique physical and chemical properties, magnetic iron oxide nanoparticles have become a powerful platform in many diverse aspects of biomedicine, including magnetic resonance imaging, drug and gene delivery, biological sensing, and hyperthermia. However, the biomedical applications of magnetic iron oxide nanoparticles arouse serious concerns about their pharmacokinetics, metabolism, and toxicity. In this review, the updated research on the biomedical applications and potential toxicity of magnetic iron oxide nanoparticles is summarized. Much more effort is required to develop magnetic iron oxide nanoparticles with improved biocompatible surface engineering to achieve minimal toxicity, for various applications in biomedicine.
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SPION toxicity depends on dosing, exposure time, nature of the coating material, hydrodynamic diameter of the particle and SPION-protein interactions.
“In general, SPION toxicity depends on a variety of factors, including - besides dosing and exposure time - also the nature of the coating material, the hydrodynamic diameter of the particle and SPION-protein interactions [119–122].”
From Iron oxide nanoparticles: Diagnostic, therapeutic and theranostic applications (2019) · cites this paper as [121]
In vitro, upon prolonged incubation, surface-coated SPION are typically nontoxic at iron concentrations up to 10 μg/ml, while slight cytotoxicity is seen at 100 μg/ml.
“In vitro, upon prolonged incubation, surface-coated SPION are typically nontoxic at iron concentration up to and 10 μg/ml, while slight cytotoxicity is seen at 100 μg/ml.”
From Iron oxide nanoparticles: Diagnostic, therapeutic and theranostic applications (2019) · cites this paper as [121]
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References 164 · Cited by 570
- Authors
- Liu, G., Gao, J., Ai, H., & Chen, X.
- Affiliations
- North Sichuan Medical University (CN)
- Xiamen University (CN)
- Sichuan University (CN)
- National Institutes of Health (US)
- Corresponding author
- Liu, Gang
- Chen, Xiaoyuan
- Venue
- Small
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2012-09-28
- Volume
- 9
- Issue
- 9-10
- Pages
- 1533-1545
- ISSN
- 1613-6810 (ISSN-L)
- 1613-6829
- OpenAlex
- W2064215841
- Cited by
- 570
- References
- 164
- Citations by year
- 2026: 11 · 2025: 32 · 2024: 60 · 2023: 41 · 2022: 53 · 2021: 48 · 2020: 53 · 2019: 41 · 2018: 61 · 2017: 47 · 2016: 45 · 2015: 34 · 2014: 31 · 2013: 13
- FWCI
- 2.17
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Small (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Biomedical Engineering › Characterization and Applications of Magnetic Nanoparticles
- Physical Sciences › Materials Science › Biomaterials › Nanoparticle-Based Drug Delivery
- Physical Sciences › Materials Science › Materials Chemistry › Nanoparticles: synthesis and applications
- Keywords
- magnetic iron oxide nanoparticles, toxicity, pharmacokinetics, biocompatibility, surface engineering, magnetic resonance imaging, drug delivery, gene delivery, biosensing, hyperthermia, biomedical applications
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Ferric Compounds, Humans, Magnetics, Surface Properties, Biomedical Research, Mice, Metal Nanoparticles
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