Glowing Graphene Quantum Dots and Carbon Dots: Properties, Syntheses, and Biological Applications

Quantum Dots for Live Cells, in Vivo Imaging, and Diagnostics

Michalet, X., Pinaud, F. F., Bentolila, L. A., Tsay, J. M., Doose, S., Li, J. J., Sundaresan, G., Wu, A. M., Gambhir, S. S., & Weiss, S. (2005) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1104274 · Cited by 7,794

Quantum-Sized Carbon Dots for Bright and Colorful Photoluminescence

Sun, Y., Zhou, B. Q., Lin, Y., Wang, W., Fernando, K. A. S., Pathak, P., Meziani, M. J., Harruff, B. A., Wang, X., Wang, H., et al. (2006) · Journal of the American Chemical Society · doi:10.1021/ja062677d · Cited by 5,130

Luminescent Carbon Nanodots: Emergent Nanolights

Baker, S. N., & Baker, G. A. (2010) · Angewandte Chemie International Edition · doi:10.1002/anie.200906623 · Cited by 4,985

PEGylated Nanographene Oxide for Delivery of Water-Insoluble Cancer Drugs

Liu, Z., Robinson, J. T., Sun, X., & Dai, H. (2008) · Journal of the American Chemical Society · doi:10.1021/ja803688x · Cited by 3,603

Nano-graphene oxide for cellular imaging and drug delivery

Sun, X., Liu, Z., Welsher, K., Robinson, J. T., Goodwin, A. P., Zaric, S., & Dai, H. (2008) · Nano Research · doi:10.1007/s12274-008-8021-8 · Cited by 3,318

Hydrothermal Route for Cutting Graphene Sheets into Blue‐Luminescent Graphene Quantum Dots

Pan, D., Zhang, J., Li, Z., & Wu, M. (2009) · Advanced Materials · doi:10.1002/adma.200902825 · Cited by 2,857

Carbon nanodots: synthesis, properties and applications

Li, H., Kang, Z., Liu, Y., & Lee, S. (2012) · Journal of Materials Chemistry · doi:10.1039/c2jm34690g · Cited by 2,854

Water‐Soluble Fluorescent Carbon Quantum Dots and Photocatalyst Design

Li, H., He, X., Kang, Z., Huang, H., Liu, Y., Liu, J., Lian, S., Tsang, C. H. A., Yang, X., & Lee, S. (2010) · Angewandte Chemie International Edition · doi:10.1002/anie.200906154 · Cited by 2,636

Graphene Quantum Dots Derived from Carbon Fibers

Peng, J., Gao, W., Gupta, B. K., Liu, Z., Aburto, R. R., Ge, L., Song, L., Alemany, L. B., Zhan, X., Gao, G., et al. (2012) · Nano Letters · doi:10.1021/nl2038979 · Cited by 2,361

Carbon‐Based Dots Co‐doped with Nitrogen and Sulfur for High Quantum Yield and Excitation‐Independent Emission

Dong, Y., Pang, H., Yang, H., Guo, C., Shao, J., Chi, Y., Li, C. M., & Yu, T. (2013) · Angewandte Chemie International Edition · doi:10.1002/anie.201301114 · Cited by 2,271

Infusion of Graphene Quantum Dots to Create Stronger, Tougher, and Brighter Polymer Composites

Gobi, N., Vijayakumar, D., Keleṣ, Ö., & Erogbogbo, F. (2017) · ACS Omega · doi:10.1021/acsomega.6b00517 · Cited by 79

Self-Assembled Nanocrystals of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons Show Photostable Single-Photon Emission

Pazzagli, S., Lombardi, P., Martella, D., Colautti, M., Tiribilli, B., Cataliotti, F. S., & Toninelli, C. (2018) · ACS Nano · doi:10.1021/acsnano.7b08810 · Cited by 79

In Vivo Tumor Photoacoustic Imaging and Photothermal Therapy Based on Supra‐(Carbon Nanodots)

Xu, G., Bao, X., Chen, J., Zhang, B., Li, D., Zhou, D., Wang, X., Liu, C., Wang, Y., & Qu, S. (2018) · Advanced Healthcare Materials · doi:10.1002/adhm.201800995 · Cited by 83

Catalyzed Hydrolysis of Tetrahydroxydiboron by Graphene Quantum Dot-Stabilized Transition-Metal Nanoparticles for Hydrogen Evolution

Chen, W., Shen, J., Huang, Y., Liu, X., & Astruc, D. (2020) · ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering · doi:10.1021/acssuschemeng.0c02496 · Cited by 78

Carbon quantum dots as new hole transport material for perovskite solar cells

Paulo‐Mirasol, S., Stoica, G., Cambarau, W., Martínez‐Ferrero, E., & Palomares, E. J. (2016) · Synthetic Metals · doi:10.1016/j.synthmet.2016.04.025 · Cited by 78

High flux nanofiltration membranes prepared with a graphene oxide homo-structure

Zhao, G., Hu, R., Zhao, X., He, Y., & Zhu, H. (2019) · Journal of Membrane Science · doi:10.1016/j.memsci.2019.05.028 · Cited by 77

Acoustic cavitation assisted synthesis and characterization of photoluminescent carbon quantum dots for biological applications and their future prospective

Das, P., Bhattacharyya, S. K., Banerji, P., & Das, N. C. (2020) · Nano-Structures & Nano-Objects · doi:10.1016/j.nanoso.2020.100641 · Cited by 79

Graphene Quantum Dots-Based Nanocomposites Applied in Electrochemical Sensors: A Recent Survey

Facure, M. H. M., Schneider, R., Lima, J. B. S., Mercante, L. A., & Correa, D. S. (2021) · Electrochem · doi:10.3390/electrochem2030032 · Cited by 77

Nanoreactors for photocatalysis

Wu, C., Xing, Z., Yang, S., Li, Z., & Zhou, W. (2022) · Coordination Chemistry Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.ccr.2022.214939 · Cited by 77

Preparation of Gold–Carbon Dots and Ratiometric Fluorescence Cellular Imaging

Zhang, L., Wang, D., Huang, H., Liu, L., Zhou, Y., Xia, X., Deng, K., & Liu, X. (2016) · ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces · doi:10.1021/acsami.5b12084 · Cited by 75

Nitrogen-doped graphene quantum dots-labeled epitope imprinted polymer with double templates via the metal chelation for specific recognition of cytochrome c

Yan, Y.-J., He, X., Li, W., & Zhang, Y. (2016) · Biosensors and Bioelectronics · doi:10.1016/j.bios.2016.12.040 · Cited by 77

Degradable Carbon Dots from Cigarette Smoking with Broad-Spectrum Antimicrobial Activities against Drug-Resistant Bacteria

Song, Y., Lü, F., Li, H., Wang, H., Zhang, M., Liu, Y., & Kang, Z. (2018) · ACS Applied Bio Materials · doi:10.1021/acsabm.8b00421 · Cited by 77

Selective Labeling and Growth Inhibition of Pseudomonas aeruginosa by Aminoguanidine Carbon Dots

Otis, G., Bhattacharya, S., Malka, O., Kolusheva, S., Bolel, P., Porgador, A., & Jelinek, R. (2018) · ACS Infectious Diseases · doi:10.1021/acsinfecdis.8b00270 · Cited by 77

Biomolecule-derived quantum dots for sustainable optoelectronics

Bhandari, S., Mondal, D., Nataraj, S. K., & Balakrishna, R. G. (2018) · Nanoscale Advances · doi:10.1039/c8na00332g · Cited by 77

Recent progresses in graphene based bio-functional nanostructures for advanced biological and cellular interfaces

Nie, C., Ma, L., Li, S., Fan, X., Yang, Y., Cheng, C., Zhao, W., & Zhao, C. (2019) · Nano Today · doi:10.1016/j.nantod.2019.03.003 · Cited by 78

Graphene Biodevices for Early Disease Diagnosis Based on Biomarker Detection

Han, Q., Pang, J., Li, Y., Sun, B., Ibarlucea, B., Liu, X., Gemming, T., Cheng, Q., Zhang, S., Liu, H., et al. (2021) · ACS Sensors · doi:10.1021/acssensors.1c01172 · Cited by 77

Properties and applications of quantum dots derived from two-dimensional materials

Abdelsalam, H., & Zhang, Q. (2022) · Advances in Physics X · doi:10.1080/23746149.2022.2048966 · Cited by 77

Fluorescence immunoassay based on the inner-filter effect of carbon dots for highly sensitive amantadine detection in foodstuffs

Dong, B., Li, H., Mari, G. M., Yu, X., Yu, W., Wen, K., Ke, Y., Shen, J., & Wang, Z. (2019) · Food Chemistry · doi:10.1016/j.foodchem.2019.05.082 · Cited by 76

A universal fluorometric assay strategy for glycosidases based on functional carbon quantum dots: β-galactosidase activity detection in vitro and in living cells

Tang, C., Zhou, J., Qian, Z., Ma, Y., Huang, Y., & Feng, H. X. (2017) · Journal of Materials Chemistry B · doi:10.1039/c6tb03361j · Cited by 75

Comprehensive Review on Synthesis, Applications, and Challenges of Graphene Quantum Dots (GQDs)

Kadyan, P., Malik, R., Bhatia, S., Al‐Harrasi, A., Mohan, S., Yadav, M., Dalal, S., Ramniwas, S., Kataria, S. K., & Arasu, P. T. (2023) · Journal of Nanomaterials · doi:10.1155/2023/2832964 · Cited by 75

Functional carbon dots derived from biomass and plastic wastes

Kuang, T., Jin, M., Lu, X., Liu, T., Vahabi, H., Gu, Z., & Gong, X. N. (2023) · Green Chemistry · doi:10.1039/d3gc01763j · Cited by 74

Functionalization of Carbon Nanoparticles and Defunctionalization—Toward Structural and Mechanistic Elucidation of Carbon “Quantum” Dots

Yang, F., LeCroy, G. E., Wang, P., Liang, W., Chen, J., Fernando, K. A. S., Bunker, C. E., Qian, H., & Sun, Y. (2016) · The Journal of Physical Chemistry C · doi:10.1021/acs.jpcc.6b08171 · Cited by 75

Highly luminescent S-doped carbon dots for the selective detection of ammonia

Travlou, N. A., Secor, J., & Bandosz, T. J. (2016) · Carbon · doi:10.1016/j.carbon.2016.12.035 · Cited by 75

One-pot bioinspired synthesis of fluorescent metal chalcogenide and carbon quantum dots: Applications and potential biotoxicity

Omran, B. A., Whitehead, K. A., & Baek, K.-H. (2021) · Colloids and Surfaces B Biointerfaces · doi:10.1016/j.colsurfb.2021.111578 · Cited by 77

Assessing the Food Quality Using Carbon Nanomaterial Based Electrodes by Voltammetric Techniques

Shashanka, R., Basavegowda, N., Adimule, V. M., Avar, B., Somu, P., M., S. K. R., & Baek, K.-H. (2022) · Biosensors · doi:10.3390/bios12121173 · Cited by 74

Presence of Fluorescent Carbon Nanoparticles in Baked Lamb: Their Properties and Potential Application for Sensors

Wang, H., Xie, Y., Liu, S., Cong, S., Song, Y., Xu, X., & Tan, M. (2017) · Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry · doi:10.1021/acs.jafc.7b02913 · Cited by 74

Synthesis of Excitation Independent Highly Luminescent Graphene Quantum Dots through Perchloric Acid Oxidation

Maiti, S., Kundu, S., Roy, C. N., Das, T. K., & Saha, A. (2017) · Langmuir · doi:10.1021/acs.langmuir.7b02611 · Cited by 74

Towards high-powered remote WLED based on flexible white-luminescent polymer composite films containing S, N co-doped graphene quantum dots

Wang, X., Wang, G., Li, J.-B., Liu, Z., Zhao, W.-F., & Han, J. (2017) · Chemical Engineering Journal · doi:10.1016/j.cej.2017.12.056 · Cited by 74

An ultrasensitive electrochemiluminescence assay for Hg2+ through graphene quantum dots and poly(5-formylindole) nanocomposite

Tang, Y., Li, J., Guo, Q., & Nie, G. (2018) · Sensors and Actuators B Chemical · doi:10.1016/j.snb.2018.11.151 · Cited by 73

Carbon Dots as a New Class of Diamagnetic Chemical Exchange Saturation Transfer (diaCEST) MRI Contrast Agents

Zhang, J., Yuan, Y., Gao, M., Han, Z., Chu, C., Li, Y., van Zijl, P. C. M., Ying, M., Bulte, J. W. M., & Liu, G. (2019) · Angewandte Chemie International Edition · doi:10.1002/anie.201904722 · Cited by 75

Phototherapy with layered materials derived quantum dots

Zhu, H., Ni, N., Govindarajan, S., Ding, X., & Leong, D. T. (2019) · Nanoscale · doi:10.1039/c9nr07886j · Cited by 73

N-doped carbon dots derived from leaves with low toxicity via damaging cytomembrane for broad-spectrum antibacterial activity

Ma, Y., Zhang, M., Wang, H., Wang, B., Huang, H., Liu, Y., & Kang, Z. (2020) · Materials Today Communications · doi:10.1016/j.mtcomm.2020.101222 · Cited by 73

Green Synthesis of Carbon Dots and Evaluation of Its Pharmacological Activities

Muktha, H., Sharath, R., Kottam, N., Smrithi, S. P., Samrat, K., & Ankitha, P. K. (2020) · BioNanoScience · doi:10.1007/s12668-020-00741-1 · Cited by 73

The Puzzling Potential of Carbon Nanomaterials: General Properties, Application, and Toxicity

Jović, D., Jacevic, V. M., Kuča, K., Borišev, I. Đ., Mrdjanović, J., Petrović, D., Seke, M., & Djordjevic, A. N. (2020) · Nanomaterials · doi:10.3390/nano10081508 · Cited by 78

Ultrastable and ultrasensitive pH-switchable carbon dots with high quantum yield for water quality identification, glucose detection, and two starch-based solid-state fluorescence materials

Chao, D., Chen, J., Dong, Q., Wu, W., Qi, D., & Dong, S. (2020) · Nano Research · doi:10.1007/s12274-020-2965-8 · Cited by 73

Nitrogen‐Doped Graphene Quantum Dot‐Decorated ZnO Nanorods for Improved Electrochemical Solar Energy Conversion

Majumder, T., Debnath, K., Dhar, S., Hmar, J. J. L., & Mondal, S. P. (2016) · Energy Technology · doi:10.1002/ente.201600007 · Cited by 73

Graphene quantum dots and Nafion composite as an ultrasensitive electrochemical sensor for the detection of dopamine

Pang, P., Yan, F., Li, H., Li, H., Zhang, Y., Wang, H., Wu, Z., & Yang, W. R. (2016) · Analytical Methods · doi:10.1039/c6ay01254j · Cited by 73

Nanomaterials‐based biosensors for detection of microorganisms and microbial toxins

Sutarlie, L., Ow, S. Y., & Su, X. (2016) · Biotechnology Journal · doi:10.1002/biot.201500459 · Cited by 76

Production of graphene quantum dots by ultrasound-assisted exfoliation in supercritical CO2/H2O medium

Gao, H., Chen, X., Hu, G., & Zhu, K. (2017) · Ultrasonics Sonochemistry · doi:10.1016/j.ultsonch.2017.01.001 · Cited by 73

High-Performance Ultraviolet Photodetector Based on Graphene Quantum Dots Decorated ZnO Nanorods/GaN Film Isotype Heterojunctions

Liu, D., Li, H., Gao, J., Zhao, S., Zhu, Y., Wang, P., Wang, D., Chen, A., Wang, D., & Yang, J. (2018) · Nanoscale Research Letters · doi:10.1186/s11671-018-2672-5 · Cited by 73

Systematic evaluation of graphene quantum dot toxicity to male mouse sexual behaviors, reproductive and offspring health

Zhang, D., Zhang, Z., Wu, Y., Fu, K., Yang, C. G., Li, W., & Chu, M. (2018) · Biomaterials · doi:10.1016/j.biomaterials.2018.12.001 · Cited by 73

Carbon dots prepared for fluorescence and chemiluminescence sensing

Liu, M., Chen, B., Li, C. M., & Huang, C. Z. (2019) · Science China Chemistry · doi:10.1007/s11426-019-9449-y · Cited by 73

Gram-Scale Synthesis and Kinetic Study of Bright Carbon Dots from Citric Acid and Citrus japonica via a Microwave-Assisted Method

So, R. C., Sanggo, J. E., Jin, L., Diaz, J. M. A., Guerrero, R. A., & He, J. (2017) · ACS Omega · doi:10.1021/acsomega.7b00551 · Cited by 72

Coal tar pitch derived nitrogen-doped carbon dots with adjustable particle size for photocatalytic hydrogen generation

Bai, J., Xiao, N., Wang, Y., Li, H., Liu, C., Xiao, J., Wei, Y., Guo, Z., & Qiu, J. (2020) · Carbon · doi:10.1016/j.carbon.2020.10.088 · Cited by 72

Facile synthesis of Gd/Ru-doped fluorescent carbon dots for fluorescent/MR bimodal imaging and tumor therapy

Shi, Y., Xia, Y., Zhou, M., Wang, Y., Bao, J., Zhang, Y., & Cheng, J. (2024) · Journal of Nanobiotechnology · doi:10.1186/s12951-024-02360-4 · Cited by 72

Graphene oxide quantum dots incorporated nanocomposite membranes with high water flux for pervaporative dehydration

Wang, M., Pan, F., Yang, L., Song, Y., Wu, H., Cheng, X., Liu, G., Yang, H., Wang, H., Jiang, Z., et al. (2018) · Journal of Membrane Science · doi:10.1016/j.memsci.2018.06.062 · Cited by 72

Turning date palm fronds into biocompatible mesoporous fluorescent carbon dots

Kavitha, T., & Kumar, S. (2018) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-018-34349-z · Cited by 73

Graphene quantum dot assisted translocation of drugs into a cell membrane

Xue, Z., Sun, Q., Zhang, L., Kang, Z., Liang, L., Wang, Q., & Shen, J. (2019) · Nanoscale · doi:10.1039/c8nr10091h · Cited by 72

Carbon quantum dots activated metal organic frameworks for selective detection of Cu(Ⅱ) and Fe(Ⅲ)

Fan, L., Wang, Y., Li, L., & Zhou, J. (2019) · Colloids and Surfaces A Physicochemical and Engineering Aspects · doi:10.1016/j.colsurfa.2019.124378 · Cited by 72

New insight into the engineering of green carbon dots: Possible applications in emerging cancer theranostics

Radnia, F., Mohajeri, N., & Zarghami, N. (2019) · Talanta · doi:10.1016/j.talanta.2019.120547 · Cited by 72

Bioresource-Based Graphene Quantum Dots and Their Applications: A Review

Sohal, N., Singla, S., Malode, S. J., Basu, S., Maity, B., & Shetti, N. P. (2023) · ACS Applied Nano Materials · doi:10.1021/acsanm.3c02185 · Cited by 71

Structural Features of Carbon Dots and Their Agricultural Potential

Chaudhary, M., Singh, P., Singh, G., & Rathi, B. (2024) · ACS Omega · doi:10.1021/acsomega.3c04638 · Cited by 71

A fluorescence-electrochemical study of carbon nanodots (CNDs) in bio- and photoelectronic applications and energy gap investigation

Zeng, Z., Zhang, W., Arvapalli, D. M., Bloom, B. P., Sheardy, A. T., Mabe, T. L., Liu, Y., Ji, Z., Chevva, H., Waldeck, D. H., et al. (2017) · Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics · doi:10.1039/c7cp02875j · Cited by 71

Functional Mesoporous Silica Nanocomposites: Biomedical Applications and Biosafety

Castillo, R. R., & Vallet‐Regí, M. (2019) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms20040929 · Cited by 71

A facile and high-efficient approach to yellow emissive graphene quantum dots from graphene oxide

Zhao, Y., Wu, X., Sun, S., Ma, L., Zhang, L., & Lin, H. (2017) · Carbon · doi:10.1016/j.carbon.2017.09.011 · Cited by 70

Synthesis and Imaging of Biocompatible Graphdiyne Quantum Dots

Min, H., Qi, Y., Chen, Y., Zhang, Y., Han, X., Xu, Y., Liu, Y., Hu, J., Liu, H., Li, Y., et al. (2019) · ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces · doi:10.1021/acsami.9b12801 · Cited by 70

Type-II Heterostructure of ZnO and Carbon Dots Demonstrates Enhanced Photoanodic Performance in Photoelectrochemical Water Splitting

Mahala, C., Sharma, M. D., & Basu, M. (2020) · Inorganic Chemistry · doi:10.1021/acs.inorgchem.0c00479 · Cited by 70

DNA-damage and cell cycle arrest initiated anti-cancer potency of super tiny carbon dots on MCF7 cell line

Şimşek, S., Sukuroglu, A. A., Yetkin, D., Özbek, B., Battal, D., & Genç, R. (2020) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-020-70796-3 · Cited by 72

Polyurethane‐based composites with promising antibacterial properties

Kasi, G., Sathishkumar, G., Zhang, K., Kang, E. T., & Xu, L. (2022) · Journal of Applied Polymer Science · doi:10.1002/app.52181 · Cited by 71

Fabrication of Carbon‐Based Quantum Dots via a “Bottom‐Up” Approach: Topology, Chirality, and Free Radical Processes in “Building Blocks”

Yang, S., Li, Y., Chen, L., Wang, H., Shang, L., He, P., Dong, H., Wang, G., & Ding, G. (2023) · Small · doi:10.1002/smll.202205957 · Cited by 70

Pulsed laser fragmentation synthesis of carbon quantum dots (CQDs) as fluorescent probes in non-enzymatic glucose detection

Cortes, F. R., Falomir, E., Láncis, J., & Mı́nguez-Vega, G. (2024) · Applied Surface Science · doi:10.1016/j.apsusc.2024.160326 · Cited by 70

The antioxidant properties of green carbon dots: a review

Sharma, N., Sharma, A., & Lee, H. (2025) · Environmental Chemistry Letters · doi:10.1007/s10311-025-01831-w · Cited by 74

Egg-shell derived carbon dots for base pair selective DNA binding and recognition

Pramanik, S., Chatterjee, S., Kumar, G. S., & Devi, P. S. (2018) · Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics · doi:10.1039/c8cp02872a · Cited by 71

Cadmium-free quantum dot-based theranostics

Ranjbar-Navazi, Z., Omidi, Y., Eskandani, M., & Davaran, S. (2019) · TrAC Trends in Analytical Chemistry · doi:10.1016/j.trac.2019.05.041 · Cited by 70

The New Graphene Family Materials: Synthesis and Applications in Oxygen Reduction Reaction

Tong, X., Wei, Q., Zhan, X., Zhang, G., & Sun, S. (2016) · Catalysts · doi:10.3390/catal7010001 · Cited by 69

Plasmonic Sensor Based on Interaction between Silver Nanoparticles and Ni2+ or Co2+ in Water

Mochi, F., Burratti, L., Fratoddi, I., Venditti, I., Battocchio, C., Carlini, L., Iucci, G., Casalboni, M., Matteis, F. D., Casciardi, S., et al. (2018) · Nanomaterials · doi:10.3390/nano8070488 · Cited by 69

pH-induced aggregation of hydrophilic carbon dots for fluorescence detection of acidic amino acid and intracellular pH imaging

Yang, Y. Z., Xiao, N., Liu, S. G., Han, L., Li, N. B., & Luo, H. Q. (2019) · Materials Science and Engineering C · doi:10.1016/j.msec.2019.110401 · Cited by 69

Sulphur‐doped carbon dots as a highly efficient nano‐photodynamic agent against oral squamous cell carcinoma

Li, Q., Zhou, R., Xie, Y., Li, Y., Chen, Y., & Cai, X. (2020) · Cell Proliferation · doi:10.1111/cpr.12786 · Cited by 68

Green Synthesis of Self-Passivated Fluorescent Carbon Dots Derived from Rice Bran for Degradation of Methylene Blue and Fluorescent Ink Applications

Jothi, V. K., Ganesan, K., Abirami, N., & Arulmozhi, R. (2021) · Journal of Fluorescence · doi:10.1007/s10895-020-02652-6 · Cited by 69

Fluorescent carbon dots with highly negative charges as a sensitive probe for real-time monitoring of bacterial viability

Song, Y., Li, H., Lü, F., Wang, H., Zhang, M., Yang, J., Huang, J., Huang, H., Liu, Y., & Kang, Z. (2017) · Journal of Materials Chemistry B · doi:10.1039/c7tb01092c · Cited by 69

The use of carbon quantum dots as fluorescent materials in white LEDs

Cui, B., Feng, X., Zhang, F., Wang, Y., Liu, X., Yang, Y., & Jia, H. (2017) · New Carbon Materials · doi:10.1016/s1872-5805(17)60130-6 · Cited by 70

A carbon-based memristor design for associative learning activities and neuromorphic computing

Pei, Y., Zhou, Z., Chen, A. P., Chen, J., & Yan, X. (2020) · Nanoscale · doi:10.1039/d0nr02894k · Cited by 68

Bioactive and trackable MXene quantum dots for subcellular nanomedicine applications

Rafieerad, A., Yan, W., Amiri, A., & Dhingra, S. (2020) · Materials & Design · doi:10.1016/j.matdes.2020.109091 · Cited by 68

Design principles and biological applications of red-emissive two-photon carbon dots

Lesani, P., Hadi, A. H. M., Lu, Z., Palomba, S., New, E. J., & Zreiqat, H. (2021) · Communications Materials · doi:10.1038/s43246-021-00214-2 · Cited by 71

Maillard reaction for nucleation of polymer quantum dots from chitosan-glucose conjugate: Antagonistic for cancer and viral diseases

Ahmed, H. B., El‐Shahat, M., Allayeh, A. K., & Emam, H. E. (2022) · International Journal of Biological Macromolecules · doi:10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.10.172 · Cited by 68

Could artificial intelligence revolutionize the development of nanovectors for gene therapy and mRNA vaccines?

Hasanzadeh, A., Hamblin, M. R., Kiani, J., Noori, H., Hardie, J. M., Karimi, M., & Shafiee, H. (2022) · Nano Today · doi:10.1016/j.nantod.2022.101665 · Cited by 73

Eco-Friendly and Sustainable Pathways to Photoluminescent Carbon Quantum Dots (CQDs)

Gulati, S., Baul, A., Amar, A., Wadhwa, R., Kumar, S., & Varma, R. S. (2023) · Nanomaterials · doi:10.3390/nano13030554 · Cited by 68

Planted Graphene Quantum Dots for Targeted, Enhanced Tumor Imaging and Long‐Term Visualization of Local Pharmacokinetics

Yan, H., Wang, Q., Wang, J., Shang, W., Xiong, Z., Zhao, L., Sun, X., Tian, J., Kang, F., & Yun, S. H. (2023) · Advanced Materials · doi:10.1002/adma.202210809 · Cited by 68

Surface Modification Functionalized Carbon Dots

Wang, H., Ai, L., Song, Z., Nie, M., Xiao, J., Li, G., & Lu, S. (2023) · Chemistry - A European Journal · doi:10.1002/chem.202302383 · Cited by 68

Exploring the blue luminescence origin of nitrogen-doped carbon dots by controlling the water amount in synthesis

Ding, H., & Xiong, H. (2015) · RSC Advances · doi:10.1039/c5ra11796h · Cited by 68

Development of biosurfactant-based graphene quantum dot conjugate as a novel and fluorescent theranostic tool for cancer

Bansal, S., Singh, J., Kumari, U., Kaur, I. P., Barnwal, R. P., Kumar, R., Singh, S. B., Singh, G., & Chatterjee, M. (2019) · International Journal of Nanomedicine · doi:10.2147/ijn.s188552 · Cited by 68

Novel synthesis of high-thermal stability carbon dots and nanocomposites from oleic acid as an organic substrate

Rimal, V., Shishodia, S., & Srivastava, P. (2019) · Applied Nanoscience · doi:10.1007/s13204-019-01178-z · Cited by 67

A Facile Preparation of Multicolor Carbon Dots

Yu, R., Liang, S., Ru, Y., Lü, L., Wang, Z., Chen, J., & Chen, L. (2022) · Nanoscale Research Letters · doi:10.1186/s11671-022-03661-z · Cited by 67

Graphene-based nanomaterials for stimuli-sensitive controlled delivery of therapeutic molecules

Khakpour, E., Salehi, S., Naghib, S. M., Ghorbanzadeh, S., & Zhang, W. (2023) · Frontiers in Bioengineering and Biotechnology · doi:10.3389/fbioe.2023.1129768 · Cited by 70

3D Porous Carbon Encapsulated SnO2 Nanocomposite for Ultrastable Sodium Ion Batteries

Huang, Z., Hou, H., Zou, G., Chen, J., Zhang, Y., Liao, H., Li, S., & Ji, X. (2016) · Electrochimica Acta · doi:10.1016/j.electacta.2016.08.040 · Cited by 67

Supramolecular hybrids of carbon dots with doxorubicin: synthesis, stability and cellular trafficking

Sun, T., Zheng, M. J., Xie, Z., & Jing, X. (2016) · Materials Chemistry Frontiers · doi:10.1039/c6qm00042h · Cited by 67

Modifying the Size of Ultrasound-Induced Liquid-Phase Exfoliated Graphene: From Nanosheets to Nanodots

Ciesielski, A., Haar, S., Aliprandi, A., Garah, M. E., Tregnago, G., Cotella, G. F., Gemayel, M. E., Richard, F., Sun, H., Cacialli, F., et al. (2016) · ACS Nano · doi:10.1021/acsnano.6b03823 · Cited by 67

Synthesis of hydrophilic and hydrophobic carbon quantum dots from waste of wine fermentation

Varisco, M., Zufferey, D., Ruggi, A., Zhang, Y., Erni, R., & Mamula, O. (2017) · Royal Society Open Science · doi:10.1098/rsos.170900 · Cited by 67

Rapid Visualization of Latent Fingerprints with Color‐Tunable Solid Fluorescent Carbon Dots

Wang, C., Zhou, J., Lu, L., & Song, Q. (2018) · Particle & Particle Systems Characterization · doi:10.1002/ppsc.201700387 · Cited by 67

Multistage delivery of CDs-DOX/ICG-loaded liposome for highly penetration and effective chemo-photothermal combination therapy

Xiao, X., Fang, T., Yin, L., Jiang, J., He, Y., Dai, Y., & Wang, D. (2018) · Drug Delivery · doi:10.1080/10717544.2018.1482975 · Cited by 67

Synthesis of carbon quantum dot-poly lactic-co-glycolic acid hybrid nanoparticles for chemo-photothermal therapy against bacterial biofilms

Huang, Z., Zhou, T., Yuan, Y., Kłodzińska, S. N., Zheng, T., Sternberg, C., Nielsen, H. M., Sun, Y., & Wan, F. (2020) · Journal of Colloid and Interface Science · doi:10.1016/j.jcis.2020.05.067 · Cited by 67

A dual-channel fluorescent chemosensor for discriminative detection of glutathione based on functionalized carbon quantum dots

Huang, Y., Zhou, J., Feng, H. X., Zheng, J., Ma, H., Liu, W., Tang, C., Ao, H., Zhao, M., & Qian, Z. (2016) · Biosensors and Bioelectronics · doi:10.1016/j.bios.2016.07.081 · Cited by 66

Development of a Novel Quantum Dots and Graphene Oxide Based FRET Assay for Rapid Detection of invA Gene of Salmonella

Guo, J., Chan, E. W., Chen, S., & Zeng, Z. (2017) · Frontiers in Microbiology · doi:10.3389/fmicb.2017.00008 · Cited by 65

An electrochemiluminescence sensor for the detection of prostate protein antigen based on the graphene quantum dots infilled TiO2 nanotube arrays

Tian, C., Wang, L., Luan, F., & Zhuang, X. (2018) · Talanta · doi:10.1016/j.talanta.2018.08.050 · Cited by 66

Fluorescent and visual detection of methyl-paraoxon by using boron-and nitrogen-doped carbon dots

Luo, M., Wei, J., Zhao, Y., Sun, Y., Liang, H., Wang, S., & Li, P. (2019) · Microchemical Journal · doi:10.1016/j.microc.2019.104547 · Cited by 66

Hybrid ultrafiltration membranes based on PES and MOFs @ carbon quantum dots for improving anti-fouling performance

Feng, H., Liu, J., Mu, Y., Lü, N., Zhang, S., Zhang, M., Luan, J., & Wang, G. (2021) · Separation and Purification Technology · doi:10.1016/j.seppur.2021.118586 · Cited by 66

Plasma‐Enabled Graphene Quantum Dot Hydrogels as Smart Anticancer Drug Nanocarriers

Kurniawan, D., Mathew, J., Rahardja, M. R., Pham, H., Wong, P., Rao, N. V., Ostrikov, K., & Chiang, W. (2023) · Small · doi:10.1002/smll.202206813 · Cited by 66

Yellow emitting carbon dots with superior colloidal, thermal, and photochemical stabilities

Datta, K. K. R., Qi, G., Zbořil, R., & Giannelis, E. P. (2016) · Journal of Materials Chemistry C · doi:10.1039/c6tc03452g · Cited by 66

Aconitic acid derived carbon dots: Conjugated interaction for the detection of folic acid and fluorescence targeted imaging of folate receptor overexpressed cancer cells

Qian, J., Quan, F., Zhao, F., Wu, C., Wang, Z., & Zhou, L. (2018) · Sensors and Actuators B Chemical · doi:10.1016/j.snb.2018.01.227 · Cited by 66

Low Overpotential for Electrochemically Reducing CO 2 to CO on Nitrogen-Doped Graphene Quantum Dots-Wrapped Single-Crystalline Gold Nanoparticles

Fu, J., Wang, Y., Liu, J., Huang, K., Chen, Y., Li, Y., & Zhu, J. (2018) · ACS Energy Letters · doi:10.1021/acsenergylett.8b00261 · Cited by 66

Graphene Quantum Dots: Syntheses, Properties, and Biological Applications

Tabish, T. A., & Zhang, S. (2016) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-803581-8.04133-3 · Cited by 48

Recent advances in synthesis and biological applications of graphene quantum dots

Karmakar, S., Das, T. K., Kundu, S., Maiti, S., & Saha, A. (2021) · Journal of the Indian Chemical Society · doi:10.1016/j.jics.2021.100069 · Cited by 9

Shining luminescent graphene quantum dots: Synthesis, physicochemical properties, and biomedical applications

Zhang, X., Wei, C., Li, Y., & Yu, D. (2019) · TrAC Trends in Analytical Chemistry · doi:10.1016/j.trac.2019.03.011 · Cited by 91

Future aspects of carbon and graphene quantum dots for biomedical applications

Muthulakshmi, M., & Subha, T. S. (2023) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-323-98362-4.00012-x · Cited by 1

A review on synthesis, properties, and biomedical applications of graphene quantum dots (GQDs)

Bae, G., Cho, H., & Hong, B. H. (2024) · Nanotechnology · doi:10.1088/1361-6528/ad55d0 · Cited by 43