Standardization Approaches for Extracellular Vesicle Loading with Oligonucleotides and Biologics
Open accessAbstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are widely recognized for their potential as drug delivery systems. EVs are membranous nanoparticles shed from cells. Among their natural features are their ability to shield cargo molecules against degradation and enable their functional internalization into target cells. Especially biological or bio‐inspired large molecules (LMs), like nucleic acids, proteins, peptides, and others, may profit from encapsulation in EVs for drug delivery purposes. In the last years, a variety of loading protocols are explored for different LMs. The lack of standardization in the EV drug delivery field has impeded their comparability so far. Currently, the first reporting frameworks and workflows for EV drug loading are proposed. The aim of this review is to summarize these evolving standardization approaches and set recently developed methods into context. This will allow for enhanced comparability of future work on EV drug loading with LMs.
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Even with nanotechnology, the efficiency of targeting disease or disordered area cells with EVs is quite low.
“To treat CNS disorders using EVs, EVs should only target the disease or disordered area cells, but even with nanotechnology, efficiency is quite low [333–336].”
From Extracellular vesicles as nanotheranostic platforms for targeted neurological disorder interventions (2024) · cites this paper as [333]
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References 178 · Cited by 67
- Authors
- Roerig, J., & Schulz‐Siegmund, M.
- Affiliations
- Leipzig University (DE)
- Corresponding author
- Schulz‐Siegmund, Michaela
- Venue
- Small
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2023-06-07
- Volume
- 19
- Issue
- 40
- Pages
- e2301763-e2301763
- ISSN
- 1613-6810 (ISSN-L)
- 1613-6829
- OpenAlex
- W4379768842
- Cited by
- 67
- References
- 178
- Citations by year
- 2026: 28 · 2025: 22 · 2024: 17
- FWCI
- 1.77
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Small (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Qucosa (Saxon State and University Library Dresden) (submittedVersion, cc-by-nc)
- Funders
- Universität Regensburg
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Extracellular vesicles in disease
- Physical Sciences › Materials Science › Biomaterials › Nanoparticle-Based Drug Delivery
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › RNA Interference and Gene Delivery
- Keywords
- extracellular vesicles, oligonucleotide delivery, biologic delivery, standardization, drug delivery systems, loading protocols, comparability
- MeSH terms
- Extracellular Vesicles, Biological Products, Pharmaceutical Preparations, Oligonucleotides, Drug Delivery Systems
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