Alginate-based bio-nanohybrids with unique properties for biomedical applications

Abstract

Alginate is among the widely applied polysaccharide‐based biomaterial owing to its natural occurrence, chemical versatility, non‐toxicity, environmental friendliness, unique biocompatibility, biodegradability, and mucoadhesive attributes. Nevertheless, it is associated with some demerits, such as inadequate mechanical features and biological activity that hamper broad‐spectrum biomedical scope. Different biopolymeric and nanomaterials have been incorporated into the alginate framework to develop robust nanoplatforms with desired functionalities to overcome this inadequacy. Hybrids of alginate with biopolymers and nanostructured materials improve its mechanical and physicochemical characteristics and may also boost its biological activity. This review aimed to summarize the ongoing progress in alginate‐based nanoplatforms for potential applications in biomedical sectors. Combining alginate with biopolymers (chitosan, starch) and nanostructured materials (silica nanoparticles, graphene oxide nanoparticles, carbon nanotubes/nanorods, and metal oxide nanoparticles) are particularly discussed for drug delivery, wound dressing, tissue engineering, and 3D bioprinting applications. The ongoing challenging facets and futuristic directions on alginate blends are also spotlighted. The alginate‐based hybrids will likely demonstrate biocompatibility, enhanced cell adhesion, cell proliferation, desired mechanical strength, and excellent mineralization. Therefore, they are considered bio‐inspired materials for futuristic biomedical applications.