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“Capacity”, “best interests”, “will and preferences” and the UN Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities
Open accessAbstract
The United Nations (UN) Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities (CRPD) is the most up‐to‐date international legal instrument concerning the rights of persons with disabilities. Such persons are taken to include those with serious mental disorders. According to an authoritative interpretation of a crucial Article (Article 12 ‐ Equal recognition before the law) by the UN CRPD Committee, involuntary detention and treatment of people with mental health disabilities are prohibited under the Convention. Both conventional mental health law and “capacity‐based” law are deemed to violate the Convention. However, some other UN bodies are not in full agreement (for example, the UN Human Rights Committee and the Subcommittee on Prevention of Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment), while others are less explicitly absolutist (for example, the Human Rights Council). Furthermore, strong criticisms of the position of the CRPD Committee have been mounted from a number of academic quarters. These criticisms center on whether the role of a person's ability to make a decision can be ignored, no matter the circumstances. Much of the above debate turns on the concept of “legal capacity” and the now often‐repeated precept that one must always respect the “will and preferences” of the person with a disability. However, “will and preferences” remains undefined. In this paper, I offer an analysis of “will and preferences” that can clarify interventions that may be acceptable or non‐acceptable under the terms of the UN Convention.
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“Actually, the understanding of the implications of an advance statement or directive becomes problematic in this Committee's interpretation, throwing up a significant inconsistency 60,61 .”
From Ethical challenges in contemporary psychiatry: an overview and an appraisal of possible strategies and research needs (2024) · cites this paper as [60]
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Metadata
- Authors
- Szmukler, G.
- Affiliations
- King's College London (GB)
- Corresponding author
- Szmukler, George
- ORCID
- Szmukler, George
- Venue
- World Psychiatry
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2019-01-02
- Volume
- 18
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 34-41
- ISSN
- 1723-8617 (ISSN-L)
- 2051-5545
- PMC
- PMC6313688
- OpenAlex
- W2908382073
- Cited by
- 213
- References
- 39
- Citations by year
- 2026: 13 · 2025: 28 · 2024: 24 · 2023: 21 · 2022: 23 · 2021: 53 · 2020: 24 · 2019: 27
- FWCI
- 37.08
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- World Psychiatry (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Research Portal (King's College London) (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Healthcare Decision-Making and Restraints
- Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Disability Rights and Representation
- Health Sciences › Health Professions › General Health Professions › Health, Medicine and Society
- Keywords
- Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities, legal capacity, best interests, mental health law, involuntary detention, involuntary treatment, severe mental illness, Article 12 CRPD, UN Human Rights Committee, UN Human Rights Council, decision-making capacity, disability rights
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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