The DOI matches its Crossref record.
Isolation, Characterization, and Organ-Specific Expression of Two Novel Human Zinc Finger Genes Related to theDrosophilaGenespalt
Abstract
The region-specific homeotic gene spalt (sal) of Drosophila specifies head and tail as opposed to trunk segments. During later stages of ontogenesis, sal is also expressed and required in a small number of tissues and organs in the developing embryo. sal encodes a zinc finger protein of unusual but characteristic structure. We made use of these unique features to isolate sal-like genes from humans. Here we report the isolation and molecular characterization of two sal-like transcription units, termed Hsal1 and Hsal2, which are located on chromosomes 16q12.1 and 14q11.1-q12.1, respectively. Their transcripts are expressed in a limited number of adult organs, including the brain. While Hsal2 is evenly expressed in different brain areas, Hsal1 transcripts preferentially accumulate in the corpus callosum and the substantia nigra. In the fetal brain, transcripts of both genes were detected in neurons. The arrangement of sal-like zinc finger domains and their high degree of sequence similarity suggest a novel and conserved subfamily of human zinc finger transcription factors that is closely related to the Drosophila gene product encoded by the gene sal.
Overview
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In the citing paper
“differentiated cell types such as kidney cells 57 , microglia 58 or neurons 59 express high levels of SALL1, 2 and 3”
From Tetramerisation governs SALL transcription factor function in development and disease (2025) · cites this paper as [57]
Citations
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Items 101–129 of 129
Liu, L., Liu, L., Leung, L.-H., Cooney, A. J., Chen, C., Rosengart, T. K., Ma, Y., & Yang, J. (2015) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1074/jbc.m114.634790 · Cited by 17
No evidence of SALL4‐mutations in isolated sporadic duane retraction “syndrome” (DURS)
Wabbels, B., Lorenz, B., & Kohlhase, J. (2004) · American Journal of Medical Genetics Part A · doi:10.1002/ajmg.a.30321 · Cited by 16
“The SALL genes (SALL1, SALL2, SALL3, and SALL4) encode zinc finger transcription factors which presumably have large influence during human embryogenesis [Kohlhase et al., 1996, 1999b, 2002b].”
BackgroundSelf-citationRe-expression of Sall1 in podocytes protects against adriamycin-induced nephrosis
Hosoe-Nagai, Y., Hidaka, T., Sonoda, A., Sasaki, Y., Nonaka, K., Seki, T., Asao, R., Tanaka, E., Trejo, J. A. O., Kodama, F., et al. (2017) · Laboratory Investigation · doi:10.1038/labinvest.2017.69 · Cited by 16
Zhang, L., Yan, Y., Jiang, Y., Qian, J., Jiang, L., Hu, G., Lu, Y., & Luo, C. (2017) · Oncology Letters · doi:10.3892/ol.2017.6722 · Cited by 19
Liang, Y., Shen, D.-H., & Cai, W. (2008) · Journal of Pediatric Surgery · doi:10.1016/j.jpedsurg.2007.09.079 · Cited by 14
“The SALL1 protein is expressed in human fetal and adult brain and kidney, and is exclusively located in the nucleus and pericentromeric heterochromatin foci [12,17].”
BackgroundSALL4: finally an answer to the problem of expansion of hematopoietic stem cells?
Aguila, J. R., Mynarcik, D. C., & Ma, Y. (2011) · Expert Review of Hematology · doi:10.1586/ehm.11.46 · Cited by 9
Ex-vivo expansion of nonhuman primate CD34+ cells by stem cell factor Sall4B
Shen, B., Zhang, Y., Dai, W. H., Ma, Y., & Jiang, Y. (2016) · Stem Cell Research & Therapy · doi:10.1186/s13287-016-0413-1 · Cited by 8
Pincheira, R., & Donner, D. (2008) · Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1196/annals.1418.026 · Cited by 9
Molecular cloning of a SALL1-related pseudogene and mapping to chromosome Xp11.2
Kohlhase, J., Köhler, A., Jäckle, H., Engel, W., & Stick, R. (1999) · Cytogenetic and Genome Research · doi:10.1159/000015206 · Cited by 9
“DNA of the SALL1P genomic phage clone G7 was labeled with digoxigenin-11-dUTP by nick translation and hybridized in situ to normal human chromosomes prepared as described elsewhere (Kohlhase et al., 1996).”
BackgroundMethodResultInfluentialSelf-citationThalidomide-induced limb malformations: an update and reevaluation
Collins, M. D., & Scott, W. J. (2025) · Archives of Toxicology · doi:10.1007/s00204-024-03930-z · Cited by 10
Shared features in ear and kidney development – implications for oto-renal syndromes
Wang, S. X., & Streit, A. (2024) · Disease Models & Mechanisms · doi:10.1242/dmm.050447 · Cited by 8
Farkas, C., Quiroz, A., Álvarez, C., Hermosilla, V. E., Aylwin, C. F., Lomniczi, A., Castro, A. F., Hepp, M. I., & Pincheira, R. (2021) · Frontiers in Genetics · doi:10.3389/fgene.2021.613808 · Cited by 8
Expression and clinical value of SALL4 in renal cell carcinomas
Che, J., Wu, P., Wang, G., Yao, X., Zheng, J., & Guo, C. (2020) · Molecular Medicine Reports · doi:10.3892/mmr.2020.11170 · Cited by 10
Misawa, K., Misawa, Y., Mima, M., Yamada, S., Imai, A., Mochizuki, D., Nakagawa, T., Kurokawa, T., Endo, S., Kawasaki, H., et al. (2020) · Cellular Oncology · doi:10.1007/s13402-020-00509-5 · Cited by 7
Assarnia, S., Khales, S. A., & Forghanifard, M. M. (2018) · Journal of Biochemical and Molecular Toxicology · doi:10.1002/jbt.22262 · Cited by 8
SALL4 oncogene is an immunogenic antigen presented in various HLA-DR contexts
Kroemer, M., Spehner, L., Mercier‐Letondal, P., Boullerot, L., Kim, S. C. H., Jary, M., Galaine, J., Picard, E., Ferrand, C., Nguyen, T., et al. (2017) · OncoImmunology · doi:10.1080/2162402x.2017.1412030 · Cited by 10
“SALL4 encodes a C2 H2 zinc finger transcription factor of unusual but characteristic structure.(4) In adult, a major role of SALL4 protein is to regulate hematopoie-”
BackgroundKnockdown of Sal‐like 4 expression by siRNA induces apoptosis in colorectal cancer
Hesari, A., Rajab, S., Rezaei, M., Basam, M., Golmohamadi, S., & Ghasemi, F. (2019) · Journal of Cellular Biochemistry · doi:10.1002/jcb.28433 · Cited by 6
Wang, Y., Liu, J., Liu, Z., Chen, J., Hu, X., Hu, Y., Yuan, Y., Wu, G., Dai, Z., & Xu, Y. (2018) · Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy · doi:10.1016/j.biopha.2018.05.011 · Cited by 7
Leduc, F., Brunelle, P., Escande, F., Ramdane, N., Bellengier, L., Giacomello, L., Lefèvre, C., Mezel, A., Samaille, C., Sfeir, R., et al. (2025) · European Journal of Human Genetics · doi:10.1038/s41431-025-01855-4 · Cited by 5
“The SALL1 protein belongs to the Sal C2H2-type zinc fi nger protein family, characterized by zinc fi nger domains along the protein and a glutamine-rich region implicated in self-dimerization and heterodimerization with other Sall proteins [12 – 14].”
ADT increases prostate cancer cell invasion via altering AR/SALL4/SOX2-OCT4 stem cell signaling
Guo, C., Kadier, A., Zhang, Z., Huang, C., Mao, S., Yang, B., Zheng, J., & Yao, X. (2025) · Cell Biology and Toxicology · doi:10.1007/s10565-025-10046-2 · Cited by 5
“…(SALL) gene family (SALL1 to SALL4), was originally cloned based on its DNA sequence homology to the homeotic gene in Drosophila, spalt (sal) (Kohlhase et al. 1996; Tatetsu et al. 2016), whose expression is constitutively enriched in embryonic tissue that serves to maintain self renewal…”
ZNF797 plays an oncogenic role in gastric cancer
Momenzadeh, D., Rahmanzadeh, S., Rezaei–Tavirani, M., Baradaran‐Rafii, A., Ghasemvand, F., & Keshel, S. H. (2014) · Genetics and Molecular Research · doi:10.4238/2014.october.20.18 · Cited by 4
RetractedBugno-Poniewierska, M., Pawlina, K., Dardzińska, A., Ząbek, T., Słota, E., & Klukowka-Rötzler, J. (2010) · Hereditas · doi:10.1111/j.1601-5223.2010.02178.x · Cited by 4
Function of the Stem Cell Transcription Factor SALL4 in Hematopoiesis
Yang, J. (2018) · InTech eBooks · doi:10.5772/intechopen.76454 · Cited by 1
Hosoe-Nagai, Y. (2014) · Juntendō Igaku/Juntendo igaku · doi:10.14789/jmj.60.49 · Cited by 1
Tetramerisation governs SALL transcription factor function in development and disease
Giuliani, S., Chhatbar, K., Wear, M., Guy, J., Mathieson, T., Burdett, H., George, L., Alston, G., Spanos, C., McHugh, T., et al. (2025) · bioRxiv · doi:10.1101/2025.10.27.684836
Loss of SALL1 Promotes Hepatocellular Carcinoma Growth and Is Associated with Poor Clinical Outcome
Saito, Y., Kasano-Camones, C. I., Tamura, A., Kimura, S., Yu, X., Cui, Y., Sawaswong, V., Krausz, K. W., Wang, D., Qu, A., et al. (2026) · Cancers · doi:10.3390/cancers18091355
Mercan, T. K., Arıkan, Y., Kurtoğlu, E., & Keser, İ. (2025) · Muğla Sıtkı Koçman Üniversitesi Tıp Dergisi · doi:10.47572/muskutd.1658534
Seo, Y., Lee, K., Jung, M.-K., Kim, G.-H., & Yoo, H. (2015) · doi:10.5734/jgm.2015.12.1.44
Lin, F., Patel, V., & Igarashi, P. (2009) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-449851-8.00027-9 · Cited by 1
Metadata
- Authors
- Kohlhase, J., Schuh, R., Dowe, G., Kühnlein, R. P., Jäckle, H., Schroeder, B., Schulz-Schaeffer, W., Kretzschmar, H. A., Köhler, A., Müller, U., Raab-Vetter, M., Burkhardt, E., Engel, W., & Stick, R.
- Affiliations
- Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry (DE)
- University of Göttingen (DE)
- Justus-Liebig-Universität Gießen (DE)
- Corresponding author
- Jäckle, Herbert
- Venue
- Genomics
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 1996-12
- Volume
- 38
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 291-298
- ISSN
- 0888-7543 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W1982290479
- Cited by
- 145
- References
- 0
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 6 · 2024: 1 · 2021: 3 · 2020: 2 · 2019: 2 · 2018: 9 · 2017: 7 · 2016: 4 · 2015: 2 · 2014: 10 · 2013: 5 · 2012: 1
- FWCI
- 1.51
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Genomics (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Developmental Biology and Gene Regulation
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Genomics and Chromatin Dynamics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Genetics › Genetics and Neurodevelopmental Disorders
- Keywords
- zinc finger transcription factor, human genes, homeotic genes, organ-specific gene expression, brain expression, corpus callosum, substantia nigra, gene isolation
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Amino Acid Sequence, Animals, Brain, Chromosomes, Human, Pair 14, Chromosomes, Human, Pair 16, Cloning, Molecular, DNA-Binding Proteins, Drosophila melanogaster, Embryonic and Fetal Development, Genes, Humans, Molecular Sequence Data, Nerve Tissue Proteins, Organ Specificity, Species Specificity, Transcription Factors, Transcription, Genetic, Gene Expression, Zinc Fingers, Sequence Alignment, Sequence Homology, Amino Acid, Homeodomain Proteins, Drosophila Proteins
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
