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Vegetational History of a Site in the Central Amazon Basin Derived from Phytolith and Charcoal Records from Natural Soils
Abstract
Analysis of phytoliths and macroscopic charcoal from natural soils near Manaus, Brazil shows that the central Amazonian terra firme forest has not been stable during the Holocene. Phytolith taxonomic composition and radiocarbon ages indicate that a closed forest has continuously existed in the area since at least 4600 yr B.P., but that forest composition and species abundance changed significantly sometime during the Holocene Epoch. There is no evidence that the vegetation experienced swidden cultivation. The distribution and dates of the charcoal in the soils indicate that forest fires between 1795 and 550 yr B.P. burned an area of about 200 hectares. Vegetational changes and fires appear to be a result of climatic drying that may have affected large areas of the Amazon Basin over the past 5000 to 7000 years. Soil phytolith analysis is a promising tool for the study of environmental history in the humid tropics and may reduce the previous dependence on lake and swamp sediments, at least for the Holocene Epoch.
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Phytoliths are a suitable proxy for detecting human disturbances in tropical forests, because taxa associated with human land use, such as Poaceae, Arecaceae, and Heliconiaceae, are abundant phytolith producers.
“Phytoliths are a suitable proxy for detecting human disturbances in tropical forests, because taxa associated with human land use, such as Poaceae, Arecaceae, and Heliconiaceae, are abundant phytolith producers”
From Phytolith assemblages reflect variability in human land use and the modern environment (2024) · cites this paper as Piperno and Becker 1996
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Research works printed but not linked: 11
- Enfield, 1992, Historical and prehistorical overview of El Nino/ Southern Oscillation., “El Nino: Historical and Paleoclimatic Aspects of the Southern Oscillation”, 95
- Lovejoy, 1990, Central Amazonian forests and the minimum critical size of ecosystems project., “Four Neotropical Rain Forests”, 60
- Brown, 1982, Paleoecology and regional patterns of evolution in neotropical forest butterflies., “Biological Diversification in the Tropics”, 255
- Van der Hammen, 1982, Paleoecology of tropical South America., ‘‘Biological Diversification in the Tropics”, 60
- Markgraf, 1993, Climatic history of Central and South America since 18,000 yr B.P.: Comparison of Pollen Records and Model Simulations., “Global Climates since the Last Glacial Maximum”, 357
- McGlone, 1992, El Nino/Southern Oscillation climatic variability in Australasian and South American paleoenvironmental records., “El Nino: Historical and Paleoclimatic aspects of the Southern Oscillation”, 435
- Absy, 1982, Quaternary palynological studies in the Amazon Basin., “Biological Diversification in the Tropics”, 67
- Gentry, 1990, Floristic similarities and differences between southern central America and upper and central Amazonia., “Four Neotropical Rainforests”, 141
- Prance, 1990, The floristic composition of the forests of central Amazonian Brazil., “Four Neotropical Rain Forests”, 141
- Mulholland, 1993, Direct dating of opal phytoliths., “Current Research in Phytolith Analysis: Applications in Archaeology and Paleoecology”, Vol. 10, 21
- Wilding, 1968, Biogenic opal in soils as an index of végétation history in the prairie peninsula., “The Quaternary of Illinois”, 99
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Amazonian exploitation revisited: ecological asymmetry and the policy pendulum
Bush, M. B., & Silman, M. R. (2007) · Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment · doi:10.1890/070018 · Cited by 122
The Phytolith14C Puzzle: A Tale of Background Determinations and Accuracy Tests
Santos, G. M., Alexandre, A., Coe, H. H. G., Reyerson, P. E., Southon, J. R., & De Carvalho, C. N. (2010) · Radiocarbon · doi:10.1017/s0033822200045070 · Cited by 71
Phytolith assemblages reflect variability in human land use and the modern environment
Witteveen, N. H., White, C., Sanchez Martinez, B. A., Booij, R., Philip, A., Gosling, W. D., Bush, M. B., & McMichael, C. N. H. (2024) · Vegetation History and Archaeobotany · doi:10.1007/s00334-023-00932-2 · Cited by 20
Metadata
- Authors
- Piperno, D. R., & Becker, P.
- Venue
- Quaternary Research
- Publisher
- Cambridge University Press (CUP)
- Published
- 1996-03
- Volume
- 45
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 202-209
- ISSN
- 0033-5894
- 1096-0287
- Cited by
- 161
- References
- 0
- Language
- en
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