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Little’s Law
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Using Little's Law and the approximate amount of time required for each component of a Stage 1 assessment, a throughput of one FURM assessment per month requires conducting 2 assessments simultaneously at any given time.
“Using Little's Law (a theorem used to determine the average number of items in a stationary queueing system 31 ), and the approximate amount of time required for each component of a Stage 1 assessment (Figure 3), we estimate that this throughput requires conducting 2 assessments simultaneously at any given time.”
From Standing on FURM Ground: A Framework for Evaluating Fair, Useful, and Reliable AI Models in Health Care Systems (2024) · cites this paper as [31]
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Callahan, A., McElfresh, D., Banda, J. M., Bunney, G., Char, D., Chen, J., Corbin, C. K., Dash, D., Downing, N. L., Jain, S. S., et al. (2024) · NEJM Catalyst · doi:10.1056/cat.24.0131 · Cited by 61
Metadata
- Authors
- Dongarra, J., Luszczek, P., Feautrier, P., Zee, F. G., Chan, E., Geijn, R. A., Bjornson, R., Dongarra, J., Luszczek, P., Philippe, B., Sameh, A., Philippe, B., Sameh, A., Dongarra, J., Luszczek, P., Steele, G. L., Gustafson, J. L., Dongarra, J., Luszczek, P., Becker, A., Zheng, G., Kalé, L. V., Pingali, K., Carro, M., Hermenegildo, M., Banerjee, U., & Wismüller, R.
- Affiliations
- Intel (United States) (US)
- Corresponding author
- Gustafson, John L.
- ORCID
- Venue
- Encyclopedia of Parallel Computing
- Publisher
- Springer US
- Published
- 2011
- Pages
- 1038-1041
- OpenAlex
- W4248469607
- Cited by
- 5
- References
- 0
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 1 · 2024: 2 · 2022: 1
- Type
- reference entry
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Springer eBooks (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Decision Sciences › Management Science and Operations Research › Advanced Queuing Theory Analysis
- Social Sciences › Business, Management and Accounting › Strategy and Management › Management and Optimization Techniques
- Social Sciences › Decision Sciences › Management Science and Operations Research › Operations Management Techniques
- Keywords
- Little's law, queueing theory, steady state, average inventory, production systems
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
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