Voting at 16 in Practice: A Review of the Austrian Case
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In other places, regional party groups and later national parties advocating for a lower voting age gradually adopted the position in their manifestos after seeing implementation by colleagues in other regions, such as in Germany or Austria.
“In other places, regional party groups and later on national parties advocating for a lower voting age could gradually adopt the position in their respective manifestos, after having seen the implementation by their colleagues in power in other regions of the country, such as in Germany or Austria (Aichholzer and Kritzinger, 2020;Leininger and Faas, 2020).”
From Lowering the Voting Age to 16 in Practice: Processes and Outcomes Compared (2021) · cites this paper as Aichholzer and Kritzinger, 2020
A number of studies have shown that 16- and 17-year-olds have higher rates of turnout as first-time voters, when given the chance to vote, than 18- and 19-year-olds.
“A number of studies have shown that the first part of Franklin's (2004) argument holds water; that 16-and 17-year-olds have higher rates of turnout as first time voters, when given the chance to vote, than 18-and 19-year-olds (Bergh, 2013;Zeglovits and Aichholzer, 2014;Aichholzer and Kritzinger, 2020;Huebner and Eichhorn, 2020;Ødega ˚rd et al., 2020).”
From Lowering the Voting Age to 16 in Practice: Processes and Outcomes Compared (2021) · cites this paper as Aichholzer and Kritzinger, 2020
Austrian voters at the age of 16 and 17 show greater levels of support for democracy and external political efficacy than other voters (Aichholzer and Kritzinger, 2020).
“Similarly, Aichholzer and Kritzinger (2020) find that Austrian voters at the age of 16 and 17 show greater levels of support for democracy and external political efficacy than other voters.”
From Lowering the Voting Age to 16 in Practice: Processes and Outcomes Compared (2021) · cites this paper as Aichholzer and Kritzinger, 2020
Aichholzer and Kritzinger (2020) find signs of lasting earlier political socialisation in Austria: for up to seven years following the reform, Austrian 16 and 17-year-olds consistently showed higher levels of external efficacy and were more satisfied with democracy compared to 18-to 20-year-olds.
“Aichholzer and Kritzinger (2020) find signs of lasting earlier political socialisation in Austria. For up to seven years following the reform of the franchise, Austrian 16 and 17-year-olds consistently showed higher levels of external efficacy and were more satisfied with democracy compared to 18-to 20-year-olds.”
From Longer-Term Effects of Voting at Age 16: Higher Turnout Among Young People in Scotland (2025) · cites this paper as Aichholzer & Kritzinger, 2020
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Governance for Youth, Trust and Intergenerational Justice: Fit for All Generations?
OECD (2020) · OECD Public Governance Reviews · doi:10.1787/c3e5cb8a-en · Cited by 313 · see citing works
Lowering the Voting Age to 16 in Practice: Processes and Outcomes Compared
Eichhorn, J., & Bergh, J. (2021) · Parliamentary Affairs · doi:10.1093/pa/gsab019 · Cited by 25 · see citing works
“In many instances, young people enfranchised earlier were more engaged than those classically enfranchised at 18 and longer-term research from Austria and Latin American countries suggests that the effect may at least partially be retained throughout further years of life, resulting in turnout increases.”
BackgroundInfluentialLonger-Term Effects of Voting at Age 16: Higher Turnout Among Young People in Scotland
Eichhorn, J., & Huebner, C. (2025) · Politics and Governance · doi:10.17645/pag.9283 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
“Research from countries that lowered the voting age prior to Scotland (including Austria, Brazil, Nicaragua, Ecuador, and Argentina) points towards a lasting increase in youth voter engagement in up to 20 years after such reform (Aichholzer & Kritzinger, 2020; Franklin, 2020).”
- Authors
- Aichholzer, J., & Kritzinger, S.
- Affiliations
- University of Vienna (AT)
- Corresponding author
- Kritzinger, Sylvia
- Venue
- Lowering the Voting Age to 16
- Publisher
- Springer International Publishing
- Published
- 2019-11-28
- Pages
- 81-101
- OpenAlex
- W2990498161
- Cited by
- 31
- References
- 0
- Citations by year
- 2026: 6 · 2025: 5 · 2024: 4 · 2023: 2 · 2022: 4 · 2021: 2 · 2020: 8
- FWCI
- 35.15
- Type
- book chapter
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Licence
- www.springer.com/tdm (tdm)
- Locations
- Springer eBooks (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Economic and Social Research Council UK (ES/M010856/1)
- The Research Council of Norway (Project no. 249687)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Political Science and International Relations › Electoral Systems and Political Participation
- Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Youth, Politics, and Society
- Social Sciences › Education › Citizenship Education and Democracy
- Keywords
- youth voting, young voters, voter turnout, political interest, political efficacy, external political efficacy, satisfaction with democracy, Austria, policy implementation, first-time voters
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