India’s “Aadhaar” Biometric ID: Structure, Security, and Vulnerabilities
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India's Aadhaar program is currently the world's largest biometric database, linking the fingerprints, irises, and facial images of over 1.3 billion people to state and corporate infrastructures, enabling both welfare distribution and pervasive surveillance.
“India's Aadhaar program.It is currently the world's largest biometric database, linking the fingerprints, irises, and facial images of over 1.3 billion people to state and corporate infrastructures, enabling both welfare distribution and pervasive surveillance (Tiwari et al. 2022).”
From Preventing AI extractivism: the case for braiding indigenous data justice with ABS for stronger AI data governance (2026) · cites this paper as Tiwari et al. 2022
Cites
Unique in the Crowd: The privacy bounds of human mobility
de Montjoye, Y.-A., Hidalgo, C. A., Verleysen, M., & Blondel, V. D. (2013) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/srep01376 · Cited by 1,645 · see citing works
(2008) · doi:10.1007/978-0-387-71041-9 · Cited by 1,406 · see citing works
From Margins to Seams: Imbrication, Inclusion, and Torque in the Aadhaar Identification Project
Singh, R., & Jackson, S. J. (2017) · Proceedings of the 2017 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems · doi:10.1145/3025453.3025910 · Cited by 72 · see citing works
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Schulz, M., & Loewen-Colón, J. (2026) · AI & SOCIETY · doi:10.1007/s00146-026-02931-z · Cited by 1 · see citing works
- Authors
- Tiwari, P. R., Agarwal, D., Jain, P., Dasgupta, S., Datta, P., Reddy, V., & Gupta, D.
- Affiliations
- Johns Hopkins University (US)
- Microsoft Research (India) (IN)
- Aalto University (FI)
- Northeastern University (US)
- Ashoka University (IN)
- Corresponding author
- Tiwari, Pratyush Ranjan
- Venue
- Lecture Notes in Computer Science
- Publisher
- Springer International Publishing
- Published
- 2022
- Pages
- 672-693
- ISSN
- 0302-9743 (ISSN-L)
- 1611-3349
- OpenAlex
- W4312775523
- Cited by
- 19
- References
- 3
- Citations by year
- 2026: 3 · 2025: 5 · 2024: 5 · 2023: 5 · 2022: 1
- FWCI
- 2.84
- Type
- conference paper
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Lecture notes in computer science (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Computer Science › Signal Processing › Biometric Identification and Security
- Physical Sciences › Computer Science › Information Systems › User Authentication and Security Systems
- Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Privacy, Security, and Data Protection
- Keywords
- Aadhaar, biometric identification, Unique Identification Authority of India, cryptographic vulnerabilities, privacy, security breaches, threat actors, India
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
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