DeiT III: Revenge of the ViT
Open accessThe claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
Employing superior pre-training techniques on T-Base such as DeiT yields better performance for smaller Vision Transformer models on Cityscapes compared to their larger counterparts.
“However, employing superior pre-training techniques on 'TBase' such as DeiT Touvron et al. (2022) yields even better performance for these smaller Vision Transformer models on Cityscapes compared to their larger counterparts.”
From Vision Transformers: From Semantic Segmentation to Dense Prediction (2024) · cites this paper as Touvron et al. (2022)
Section 4.4.2 (p. 18) reports that the paper's ViT training recipe improves the FLOPs–accuracy trade-off in semantic segmentation, but those experiments use ADE20k, not Cityscapes. Table 11 (p. 19) does not establish that a T-Base model outperforms larger ViTs; its reported ViT-L segmentation scores exceed those of ViT-B. (LLM, conf=0.86)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredDeiT pretrained on ImageNet-1K and T-Base Vision Transformer perform better than ImageNet-1K pretrained T-Large Vision Transformer on Cityscapes but worse on ADE20K.
“Additionally, employing distillation, Deit Touvron et al. (2022) pretrained on ImageNet-1K and 'T-Base' Vision Transformer perform better than ImageNet-1K pretrained 'T-Large' Vision Transformer on Cityscapes but worse on ADE20K.”
From Vision Transformers: From Semantic Segmentation to Dense Prediction (2024) · cites this paper as Touvron et al. (2022)
Table 11 (pp. 18–19) reports that the ImageNet-1k-pretrained ViT-B scores lower than ViT-L on ADE20K, supporting that part of the comparison. The paper does not report a Cityscapes comparison, and §4.3 (p. 14) explicitly says its approach does not use distillation. (LLM, conf=0.84)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredSETR paired with DeiT shows a significant decline in results.
“Even with DeiT Touvron et al. (2022) to reduce computation costs, the results of SETR paired with DeiT show a significant decline.”
From Vision Transformers: From Semantic Segmentation to Dense Prediction (2024) · cites this paper as Touvron et al. (2022)
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
The citation lists haven’t been fetched yet
References 41 · Cited by 409
Research works printed but not linked: 54
- [2][2] Bao, H., Dong, L., Wei, F.: Beit: Bert pre-training of image transformers. arXiv preprint arXiv:2106.08254 (2021) - · arXiv
- [4][4] Chu, P., Bian, X., Liu, S., Ling, H.: Feature space augmentation for long-tailed data. arXiv preprint arXiv:2008.03673 (2020) - · arXiv
- [5][5] Cordonnier, J.B., Loukas, A., Jaggi, M.: On the relationship between selfattention and convolutional layers. arXiv preprint arXiv:1911.03584 (2019) - · arXiv
- [6][6] Cubuk, E.D., Zoph, B., Shlens, J., Le, Q.V.: RandAugment: Practical automated data augmentation with a reduced search space. arXiv preprint arXiv:1909.13719 (2019) - · arXiv
- [7][7] Cubuk, E.D., Zoph, B., Man´ e, D., Vasudevan, V., Le, Q.V.: Autoaugment: Learning augmentation policies from data. arXiv preprint arXiv:1805.09501 (2018) - · arXiv
- [8][8] d'Ascoli, S., Touvron, H., Leavitt, M.L., Morcos, A.S., Biroli, G., Sagun, L.: Convit: Improving vision transformers with soft convolutional inductive biases. In: ICML (2021) -
- [9][9] Deng, J., Dong, W., Socher, R., Li, L.J., Li, K., Fei-Fei, L.: Imagenet: A largescale hierarchical image database. In: Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition. pp. 248-255 (2009) -
- [10][10] Devlin, J., Chang, M.W., Lee, K., Toutanova, K.: BERT: Pre-training of deep bidirectional transformers for language understanding. In: NAACL (2019) -
- [11][11] Dong, X., Bao, J., Chen, D., Zhang, W., Yu, N., Yuan, L., Chen, D., Guo, B.: Cswin transformer: A general vision transformer backbone with cross-shaped windows. arXiv preprint arXiv:2107.00652 (2021) - · arXiv
- [12][12] Dong, X., Bao, J., Zhang, T., Chen, D., Zhang, W., Yuan, L., Chen, D., Wen, F., Yu, N.: Peco: Perceptual codebook for bert pre-training of vision transformers. arXiv preprint arXiv:2111.12710 (2021) - · arXiv
- [13][13] Dosovitskiy, A., Beyer, L., Kolesnikov, A., Weissenborn, D., Zhai, X., Unterthiner, T., Dehghani, M., Minderer, M., Heigold, G., Gelly, S., et al.: An image is worth 16x16 words: Transformers for image recognition at scale. In: International Conference on Learning Representations (2021) -
- [14][14] El-Nouby, A., Izacard, G., Touvron, H., Laptev, I., Jegou, H., Grave, E.: Are large-scale datasets necessary for self-supervised pre-training? arXiv preprint arXiv:2112.10740 (2021) - · arXiv
- [15][15] El-Nouby, A., Neverova, N., Laptev, I., J´ egou, H.: Training vision transformers for image retrieval. arXiv preprint arXiv:2102.05644 (2021) - · arXiv
- [16][16] El-Nouby, A., Touvron, H., Caron, M., Bojanowski, P., Douze, M., Joulin, A., Laptev, I., Neverova, N., Synnaeve, G., Verbeek, J., et al.: Xcit: Crosscovariance image transformers. arXiv preprint arXiv:2106.09681 (2021) - · arXiv
- [18][18] Graham, B., El-Nouby, A., Touvron, H., Stock, P., Joulin, A., J´ egou, H., Douze, M.: Levit: a vision transformer in convnet's clothing for faster inference. arXiv preprint arXiv:2104.01136 (2021) - · arXiv
- [21][21] Heo, B., Yun, S., Han, D., Chun, S., Choe, J., Oh, S.J.: Rethinking spatial dimensions of vision transformers. arXiv preprint arXiv:2103.16302 (2021) - · arXiv
- [22][22] Horn, G.V., Mac Aodha, O., Song, Y., Shepard, A., Adam, H., Perona, P., Belongie, S.J.: The iNaturalist species classification and detection dataset. arXiv preprint arXiv:1707.06642 (2017) - · arXiv
- [23][23] Horn, G.V., Mac Aodha, O., Song, Y., Shepard, A., Adam, H., Perona, P., Belongie, S.J.: The inaturalist challenge 2018 dataset. arXiv preprint arXiv:1707.06642 (2018) - · arXiv
- [24][24] Huang, G., Sun, Y., Liu, Z., Sedra, D., Weinberger, K.Q.: Deep networks with stochastic depth. In: European Conference on Computer Vision (2016) -
- [25][25] Kolesnikov, A., Beyer, L., Zhai, X., Puigcerver, J., Yung, J., Gelly, S., Houlsby, N.: Big transfer (bit): General visual representation learning. arXiv preprint arXiv:1912.11370 6 , 3 (2019) - · arXiv
- [26][26] Krause, J., Stark, M., Deng, J., Fei-Fei, L.: 3d object representations for finegrained categorization. In: IEEE Workshop on 3D Representation and Recognition (2013) -
- [27][27] Krizhevsky, A., Sutskever, I., Hinton, G.: ImageNet classification with deep convolutional neural networks. In: NeurIPS (2012) -
- [29][29] LeCun, Y., Bottou, L., Bengio, Y., Haffner, P.: Gradient-based learning applied to document recognition. Proceedings of the IEEE 86 (11), 2278-2324 (1998) -
- [30][30] LingChen, T.C., Khonsari, A., Lashkari, A., Nazari, M.R., Sambee, J.S., Nascimento, M.A.: Uniformaugment: A search-free probabilistic data augmentation approach. arXiv preprint arXiv:2003.14348 (2020) - · arXiv
- [32][32] Liu, Z., Mao, H., Wu, C.Y., Feichtenhofer, C., Darrell, T., Xie, S.: A convnet for the 2020s. arXiv preprint arXiv:2201.03545 (2022) - · arXiv
- [33][33] Loshchilov, I., Hutter, F.: Fixing weight decay regularization in adam. arXiv preprint arXiv:1711.05101 (2017) - · arXiv
- [34][34] M¨ uller, S., Hutter, F.: Trivialaugment: Tuning-free yet state-of-the-art data augmentation. arXiv preprint arXiv:2103.10158 (2021) - · arXiv
- [35][35] Neimark, D., Bar, O., Zohar, M., Asselmann, D.: Video transformer network. arXiv preprint arXiv:2102.00719 (2021) - · arXiv
- [38][38] Radosavovic, I., Kosaraju, R.P., Girshick, R.B., He, K., Doll´ ar, P.: Designing network design spaces. Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (2020) -
- [39][39] Recht, B., Roelofs, R., Schmidt, L., Shankar, V.: Do ImageNet classifiers generalize to ImageNet? In: International Conference on Machine Learning (2019) -
- [40][40] Russakovsky, O., Deng, J., Su, H., Krause, J., Satheesh, S., Ma, S., Huang, Z., Karpathy, A., Khosla, A., Bernstein, M., Berg, A.C., Fei-Fei, L.: ImageNet large scale visual recognition challenge. International Journal of Computer Vision 115 (3), 211-252 (2015) -
- [41][41] Simonyan, K., Zisserman, A.: Very deep convolutional networks for largescale image recognition. In: International Conference on Learning Representations (2015) -
- [42][42] Steiner, A., Kolesnikov, A., Zhai, X., Wightman, R., Uszkoreit, J., Beyer, L.: Howtotrain your vit? data, augmentation, and regularization in vision transformers. arXiv preprint arXiv:2106.10270 (2021) - · arXiv
- [43][43] Szegedy, C., Wei Liu, Yangqing Jia, Sermanet, P., Reed, S., Anguelov, D., Erhan, D., Vanhoucke, V., Rabinovich, A.: Going deeper with convolutions. In: Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (2015) -
- [44][44] Tan, M., Le, Q.V.: EfficientNet: Rethinking model scaling for convolutional neural networks. arXiv preprint arXiv:1905.11946 (2019) - · arXiv
- [45][45] Tan, M., Le, Q.V.: Efficientnetv2: Smaller models and faster training. In: International Conference on Machine Learning (2021) -
- [46][46] Tolstikhin, I., Houlsby, N., Kolesnikov, A., Beyer, L., Zhai, X., Unterthiner, T., Yung, J., Keysers, D., Uszkoreit, J., Lucic, M., Dosovitskiy, A.: MLP-Mixer: An all-MLP architecture for vision. arXiv preprint arXiv:2105.01601 (2021) - · arXiv
- [47][47] Touvron, H., Bojanowski, P., Caron, M., Cord, M., El-Nouby, A., Grave, E., Joulin, A., Synnaeve, G., Verbeek, J., J´ egou, H.: ResMLP: feedforward networks for image classification with data-efficient training. arXiv preprint arXiv:2105.03404 (2021) - · arXiv
- [48][48] Touvron, H., Cord, M., Douze, M., Massa, F., Sablayrolles, A., J´ egou, H.: Training data-efficient image transformers & distillation through attention. International Conference on Machine Learning (2021) -
- [49][49] Touvron, H., Cord, M., El-Nouby, A., Bojanowski, P., Joulin, A., Synnaeve, G., J´ egou, H.: Augmenting convolutional networks with attention-based aggregation. arXiv preprint arXiv:2112.13692 (2021) - · arXiv
- [50][50] Touvron, H., Cord, M., El-Nouby, A., Verbeek, J., J'egou, H.: Three things everyone should know about vision transformers. arXiv preprint arXiv:2203.09795 (2022) - · arXiv
- [51][51] Touvron, H., Cord, M., Sablayrolles, A., Synnaeve, G., J´ egou, H.: Going deeper with image transformers. International Conference on Computer Vision (2021) -
- [52][52] Touvron, H., Sablayrolles, A., Douze, M., Cord, M., J´ egou, H.: Grafit: Learning fine-grained image representations with coarse labels. International Conference on Computer Vision (2021) -
- [54][54] Touvron, H., Vedaldi, A., Douze, M., J´ egou, H.: Fixing the train-test resolution discrepancy: Fixefficientnet. arXiv preprint arXiv:2003.08237 (2020) - · arXiv
- [55][55] Vaswani, A., Shazeer, N., Parmar, N., Uszkoreit, J., Jones, L., Gomez, A.N., Kaiser, L., Polosukhin, I.: Attention is all you need. In: NeurIPS (2017) -
- [57][57] Wightman, R., Touvron, H., J´ egou, H.: Resnet strikes back: An improved training procedure in timm. arXiv preprint arXiv:2110.00476 (2021) - · arXiv
- [58][58] Wu, H., Xiao, B., Codella, N.C.F., Liu, M., Dai, X., Yuan, L., Zhang, L.: Cvt: Introducing convolutions to vision transformers. arXiv preprint arXiv:2103.15808 (2021) - · arXiv
- [60][60] Xiao, T., Singh, M., Mintun, E., Darrell, T., Doll´ ar, P., Girshick, R.: Early convolutions help transformers see better. arXiv preprint arXiv:2106.14881 (2021) - · arXiv
- [61][61] You, Y., Li, J., Reddi, S., Hseu, J., Kumar, S., Bhojanapalli, S., Song, X., Demmel, J., Keutzer, K., Hsieh, C.J.: Large batch optimization for deep learning: Training BERT in 76 minutes. In: International Conference on Learning Representations (2020) -
- [62][62] Yuan, L., Chen, Y., Wang, T., Yu, W., Shi, Y., Tay, F., Feng, J., Yan, S.: Tokensto-token vit: Training vision transformers from scratch on imagenet. arXiv preprint arXiv:2101.11986 (2021) - · arXiv
- [63][63] Yun, S., Han, D., Oh, S.J., Chun, S., Choe, J., Yoo, Y.: CutMix: Regularization strategy to train strong classifiers with localizable features. arXiv preprint arXiv:1905.04899 (2019) - · arXiv
- [64][64] Zhang, H., Ciss´ e, M., Dauphin, Y.N., Lopez-Paz, D.: mixup: Beyond empirical risk minimization. arXiv preprint arXiv:1710.09412 (2017) - · arXiv
- [65][65] Zhou, B., Zhao, H., Puig, X., Fidler, S., Barriuso, A., Torralba, A.: Scene parsing through ade20k dataset. Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (2017) -
- [66][66] Zhou, J., Wei, C., Wang, H., Shen, W., Xie, C., Yuille, A.L., Kong, T.: ibot: Image bert pre-training with online tokenizer. arXiv preprint arXiv:2111.07832 (2021) · arXiv
- Authors
- Touvron, H., Cord, M., & Jégou, H.
- Affiliations
- Sorbonne Université (FR)
- Corresponding author
- Touvron, Hugo
- Venue
- Lecture Notes in Computer Science
- Publisher
- Springer Nature Switzerland
- Published
- 2022
- Volume
- 13684
- Pages
- 516-533
- ISSN
- 0302-9743 (ISSN-L)
- 1611-3349
- OpenAlex
- W4224058739
- Cited by
- 409
- References
- 41
- Citations by year
- 2026: 89 · 2025: 152 · 2024: 106 · 2023: 61 · 2012: 1
- FWCI
- 28.92
- Type
- conference paper
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- arxiv.org
- Locations
- Lecture notes in computer science (publishedVersion)
- arXiv (Cornell University) (submittedVersion)
- HAL (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- arXiv (Cornell University)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Computer Science › Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition › Advanced Neural Network Applications
- Physical Sciences › Computer Science › Artificial Intelligence › Domain Adaptation and Few-Shot Learning
- Physical Sciences › Computer Science › Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition › Visual Attention and Saliency Detection
- Keywords
- vision transformer, supervised exercise, data augmentation, self-supervised pre-training, BEiT, ImageNet-1K, transfer learning, semantic segmentation, image classification
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review