Empirical validation of the 10-times rule for SEM
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For single-country analyses, N ≥ 400 was maintained to stabilize bootstrap intervals for moderated mediation.
“For single-country analyses, N ≥ 400 was maintained to stabilize bootstrap intervals for moderated mediation (Janadari et al., 2016;Kock and Hadaya, 2018;Wagner and Grimm, 2023).”
From Cross-national evidence on influencer-driven green choice: a moderated-mediation model of authenticity, parasocial ties, and greenwashing exposure (2026) · cites this paper as Wagner and Grimm, 2023
Cites
Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) Using R: A Workbook
Hair, J. F., Hult, G. T. M., Ringle, C. M., Sarstedt, M., Danks, N. P., & Ray, S. (2021) · Classroom Companion: Business · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-80519-7 · Cited by 10,343 · see citing works
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Balaskas, S., & Yfantidou, I. (2026) · Frontiers in Communication · doi:10.3389/fcomm.2026.1764803 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
- Authors
- Wagner, R., & Grimm, M. S.
- Affiliations
- University of Kassel (DE)
- Corresponding author
- Wagner, Ralf
- Venue
- Springer Proceedings in Business and Economics
- Publisher
- Springer International Publishing
- Published
- 2023
- Pages
- 3-7
- ISSN
- 2198-7246 (ISSN-L)
- 2198-7254
- OpenAlex
- W4386764969
- Cited by
- 35
- References
- 1
- Citations by year
- 2026: 18 · 2025: 14 · 2024: 3
- FWCI
- 36.20
- Type
- book chapter
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Licence
- Locations
- Springer proceedings in business and economics (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Decision Sciences › Management Science and Operations Research › Psychometric Methodologies and Testing
- Physical Sciences › Mathematics › Statistics and Probability › Statistical Methods and Bayesian Inference
- Social Sciences › Decision Sciences › Management Science and Operations Research › Business Strategies and Management Research
- Keywords
- sample size determination, structural equation modeling, partial least squares path modeling, statistical power, latent variables, simulation study, sample size bias
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
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