The DOI matches its Crossref record; 57 of the 61 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Migration and Immigrants in Europe: A Historical and Demographic Perspective
Open accessAbstract
In this chapter we outline the general developments of migration within and towards Europe as well as patterns of settlement of migrants. We provide a comprehensive historical overview of the changes in European migration since the 1950s. Main phases in immigration, its backgrounds, and its determinants across the continent are described making use of secondary literature and data. Different European regions are covered in the analyses, based on available statistics and an analysis of secondary material. This allows us to distinguish between different origins of migrants as well as migration motives. In addition to migration from outside Europe this chapter pays ample attention to patterns of mobility within Europe. The analyses cover the individual level with as much detail as possible with the available statistics and particularly take the demographic characteristics of migrants into account. The analyses on flows of migration are supplemented by a sketch of the residing immigrant population across Europe. These keywords were added by machine and not by the authors. This process is experimental and the keywords may be updated as the learning algorithm improves.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
The source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“Current economic and political systems ensure that these slow-moving but inevitable changes will force millions to move for reasons not envisioned in the legal regimes instituted in the 1950s and 60s [57].”
From Climate Change, Migration, and Civil Strife. (2020) · cites this paper as [57]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measured
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
Castles, S., de Haas, H., & Miller, M. J. (1998) · doi:10.1007/978-0-230-36639-8 · Cited by 3,372
Regimes of Mobility Across the Globe
Schiller, N. G., & Salazar, N. B. (2012) · Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies · doi:10.1080/1369183x.2013.723253 · Cited by 1,510
Exploring Contemporary Migration
Boyle, P., Halfacree, K. H., & Robinson, V. (2014) · Routledge eBooks · doi:10.4324/9781315843100 · Cited by 694
Favell, A. (2008) · Wiley eBooks · doi:10.1002/9780470712818 · Cited by 625
Quantifying Global International Migration Flows
Abel, G. J., & Sander, N. (2014) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1248676 · Cited by 565
Here for Good: Western Europe's New Ethnic Minorities.
K., C. B., Castles, S., Booth, H., & Wallace, T. (1985) · Population and Development Review · doi:10.2307/1973497 · Cited by 456
Ekelund, H. M. (2009) · DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) · Cited by 423
Moving Europeans: migration in Western Europe since 1650
(2004) · Choice Reviews Online · doi:10.5860/choice.41-4258 · Cited by 358
Eurostars and Eurocities: Free Movement and Mobility in an Integrating Europe
Joppke, C. (2010) · Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies · doi:10.1080/1369183x.2010.491996 · Cited by 337
An Assessment of Supply and Demand-side Theorizations of International Student Mobility
Findlay, A. M. (2010) · International Migration · doi:10.1111/j.1468-2435.2010.00643.x · Cited by 299
Research works printed but not linked: 9
- Bade, K. J. (2003). Europa en movimiento: Las migraciones desde finales del siglo XVIII hasta nuestros días. Barcelona: Crítica.
- Council of the EU. (2002). Seville European Council 21 and 22 June 2002: Presidency conclusions. Brussels: European Commission.
- EMN. (2013). Intra-EU mobility of third-country nationals. Brussels: European Migration Network.
- Eurostat. (2011). Migrants in Europe: A statistical portrait of the first and second generation. Luxembourg: Publications Office of the European Union.
- Eurostat. (2014a). Immigration in the EU. Brussels: European Commission.
- Murray, R., Harding, D., Angus, T., Gillespie, R., & Arora, H. (2012). Emigration from the UK (Research report 68). London: Home Office.
- Office for National Statistics. (2011). Migration statistics quarterly report, November 2011. London: Office for National Statistics.
- Pascouau, Y. (2013). Intra-EU mobility: The “second building block” of EU labour migration policy (Issue paper no. 74). Brussels: European Policy Centre.
- UNCHR. (2001). Asylum applications in industrialised countries, 1980–1999. Geneva: United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees.
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Items 101–200 of 251
Prostitution or marriage? Evidence from the Nordic model
Gao, H., Petrova, V., & Yin, M. (2026) · Journal of Population Economics · doi:10.1007/s00148-026-01152-4 · Cited by 5
Trappolini, E., di Belgiojoso, E. B., Rimoldi, S., & Terzera, L. (2023) · Population Space and Place · doi:10.1002/psp.2736 · Cited by 5
Libya and African Migration to Europe
Adesina, O. S. (2020) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-56642-5_11 · Cited by 5
Dumitrache, V. M., Gombos, S. P., Bran, F., & Bălu, E. P. (2021) · SHS Web of Conferences · doi:10.1051/shsconf/20219202014 · Cited by 5
Kabacaoğlu, S., & Memişoğlu, F. (2021) · doi:10.12658/m0623 · Cited by 5
Socioeconomic preconditions to union formation: Exploring variation by migrant background
van den Berg, L., Wood, J., & Neels, K. (2021) · Demographic Research · doi:10.4054/demres.2021.45.32 · Cited by 5
Anti-immigrant Attitudes in the European Union: What Role for Values?
Deimantas, V. J. (2021) · Filosofija Sociologija · doi:10.6001/fil-soc.v32i4.4615 · Cited by 5
Analyzing political preferences of second-generation immigrants across the rural–urban divide
Moriconi, S., Peri, G., & Turati, R. (2025) · Journal of Urban Economics · doi:10.1016/j.jue.2025.103740 · Cited by 4
Cancer Mortality Trends in Spain (2000–2016): Differences between Immigrant and Native Populations
Oliva-Arocas, A., Pereyra-Zamora, P., Copete, J. M., & Nolasco, A. (2020) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph17145127 · Cited by 4
Kocijan, B., & Kukec, M. (2021) · Comparative European Politics · doi:10.1057/s41295-021-00254-5 · Cited by 4
Veerman, G.-J., Heizmann, B., & Schachner, M. K. (2022) · Ethnic and Racial Studies · doi:10.1080/01419870.2022.2136010 · Cited by 4
‘Moving On’—investigating inventors’ ethnic origins using supervised learning
Niggli, M. (2023) · Journal of Economic Geography · doi:10.1093/jeg/lbad001 · Cited by 4
Duveau, C., Wets, C., Delaruelle, K., Demoulin, S., Dauvrin, M., Lepièce, B., Ceuterick, M., Maesschalck, S. D., Bracke, P., & Lorant, V. (2023) · Ethnicity and Health · doi:10.1080/13557858.2023.2279476 · Cited by 4
Conceptual insights into the diverse pathways in migrant entrepreneurship
Gaweł, A., Mroczek‐Dąbrowska, K., Głodowska, A., & Wach, K. (2024) · Przedsiębiorczość Międzynarodowa · doi:10.15678/ier.2024.1004.01 · Cited by 4
Torres, A. F. C., & Ruiz-Ramos, C. (2026) · Revista Española de Sociología · doi:10.31235/osf.io/7wzxb · Cited by 4
Preaching to the Converted? Interfaith Dialogue vs. Interfaith Realities
Markiewicz, S. (2019) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-13811-0_11 · Cited by 4
Europe’s migration experience and its effects on economic inequality
Guzi, M., Kahanec, M., & Ulceluşe, M. (2021) · MUNI ECON Working Papers · doi:10.5817/wp_muni_econ_2021-05 · Cited by 4
Türkiye'de Göç Üzerine Yapılmış Lisansüstü Tezler Üzerine Bir İnceleme: 1967-2018
Açıkalın, Ş. N., & Neyişçi, N. (2020) · Opus uluslararası toplum araştırmaları dergisi · doi:10.26466/opus.783901 · Cited by 4
Kjærgaard, D., Simonsen, A. H., Stomrud, E., Bali, D., Janelidze, S., Hansson, O., Waldemar, G., & Nielsen, T. R. (2025) · Journal of the Neurological Sciences · doi:10.1016/j.jns.2025.123739 · Cited by 4
Endogamy and relationship dissolution: Does unmarried cohabitation matter?
van den Berg, L., & Mortelmans, D. (2022) · Demographic Research · doi:10.4054/demres.2022.47.17 · Cited by 3
Health Across Borders: A Crossnational Comparison of Immigrant Health in Europe
Sheftel, M. G., Margolis, R., & Verdery, A. M. (2023) · Population Research and Policy Review · doi:10.1007/s11113-023-09788-w · Cited by 3
Anastasiadou, A., Zagheni, E., & de Valk, H. A. G. (2025) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.2500874122 · Cited by 3
Gıovanıs, E. (2022) · SN Business & Economics · doi:10.1007/s43546-022-00230-5 · Cited by 3
Kelly, N. A., & Vassell, O. (2023) · Public history - angewandte Geschichte · doi:10.14361/9783839454138 · Cited by 3
LABOUR MIGRATION OF THIRD-COUNTRY NATIONALS TO LITHUANIA: RECENT TRENDS AND SOCIAL POLICY RESPONSES
Brazienė, R., Mamaiev, D., & Aksu, S. (2023) · Tiltai · doi:10.15181/tbb.v90i1.2525 · Cited by 3
Root Causes of Irregular Migration in the Eastern Mediterranean: The Case of Afghans and Syrians
İçduygu, A., & Altıok, B. (2023) · IMISCOE research series · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-42264-5_12 · Cited by 3
Fernández-Reino, M., & Creighton, M. J. (2024) · Social Science Research · doi:10.1016/j.ssresearch.2024.102983 · Cited by 3
GÖÇ KURAMLARI ÇERÇEVESİNDE İKİNCİ DÜNYA SAVAŞI SONRASI BATI AVRUPA’NIN GÖÇ DENEYİMİ
YAMANLAR, Y. (2021) · Ankara Avrupa Calismalari Dergisi · doi:10.32450/aacd.886964 · Cited by 3
1997-2017 : An assessment of two decades of immigration in Belgium
Vause, S. (2021) · Revue Quetelet + Quetelet journal/Revue Quetelet + Quetelet Journal · doi:10.14428/rqj2020.08.02.02 · Cited by 3
Migrants in the Labor Market: Implications for TVET
Alla-Mensah, J., Fakoush, H., McGrath, S., & Wedekind, V. (2019) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-94532-3_114 · Cited by 3
Migration and its regulation in an integrating Europe
Penninx, R. (2017) · Edward Elgar Publishing eBooks · doi:10.4337/9781788114080.00012 · Cited by 3
İRAN’DAN TÜRKİYE’YE YÖNELİK GÖÇLERİN İTME VE ÇEKME KURAMI ÇERÇEVESİNDE DEĞERLENDİRİLMESİ: 1979-2019
Adıgüzel, G. (2024) · ESAM Ekonomik ve Sosyal Araştırmalar Dergisi · doi:10.53662/esamdergisi.1447629 · Cited by 2
Marcora, S., Seibel, V., Damman, M., & Lubbers, M. (2024) · Social Policy and Administration · doi:10.1111/spol.13059 · Cited by 2
Demographic Profile of Syrians in the Netherlands
Lubbers, M., & Valk, H. D. (2020) · European studies of population · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-24451-4_11 · Cited by 2
Strungari, C., & Rodrigues, T. F. (2022) · Relações Internacionais · doi:10.23906/ri2022.75a05 · Cited by 2
Deimantas, V. J. (2023) · Journal of Family Research · doi:10.20377/jfr-837 · Cited by 2
Adıgüzel, G. (2025) · Selçuk Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi · doi:10.52642/susbed.1349248 · Cited by 2
Wpływ „kryzysu migracyjnego” na bezpieczeństwo Niemiec i Polski
Chwiej, E. (2020) · Studia Interkulturowe Europy Środkowo-Wschodniej · doi:10.31338/2544-3135.si.2020-13.5 · Cited by 2
Migration terminology in the EU Institutions
Mariani, J. (2021) · Terminology International Journal of Theoretical and Applied Issues in Specialized Communication · doi:10.1075/term.00057.mar · Cited by 2
La población infantil y adolescente en España. Dinámicas demográficas recientes
Gimeno, A., & Iglesias, J. B. (2022) · Política y Sociedad · doi:10.5209/poso.79877 · Cited by 2
External Controls: Policing Entries, Enforcing Exits
Landini, I., & Sciortino, G. (2023) · IMISCOE research series · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-26002-5_2 · Cited by 2
Imeraj, L., & Gadeyne, S. (2024) · European Journal of Population / Revue européenne de Démographie · doi:10.1007/s10680-023-09690-3 · Cited by 2
Climate change and migration across the Great Wall of China during the Little Ice Age
Bu, X., Su, Y., Fan, L., Pei, Q., Pai, P.-L., & Jiang, D. (2025) · Geografie · doi:10.37040/geografie.2025.009 · Cited by 2
Diversities and Generational Change
Ross, A. (2018) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-90875-5_3 · Cited by 2
Kanobana, S. R. (2023) · Public history - angewandte Geschichte · doi:10.14361/9783839454138-003 · Cited by 2
Employment Precarization and Skilled Labour Migration in Western EU Countries
Botyriute, K. (2023) · European Integration Studies · doi:10.5755/j01.eis.1.17.33651 · Cited by 2
Challenges to the state policy towards migration processes in Poland
Heffner, K., & Solga, B. (2019) · Studia z Geografii Politycznej i Historycznej · doi:10.18778/2300-0562.08.06 · Cited by 2
Reyneri, E. (2023) · SOCIOLOGIA DEL LAVORO · doi:10.3280/sl2023-166001 · Cited by 1
Solé-Auró, A. (2025) · IMISCOE research series · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-82352-7_9 · Cited by 1
Hank, K. (2025) · KZfSS Kölner Zeitschrift für Soziologie und Sozialpsychologie · doi:10.1007/s11577-025-00999-x · Cited by 1
Guo, Z., Baker, F. A., Tamplin, J., & Thompson, Z. (2026) · Nordic Journal of Music Therapy · doi:10.1080/08098131.2026.2630352 · Cited by 1
Kjærgaard, D., Delgado‐Álvarez, A., Waldemar, G., Beinhoff, U., Bekkhus‐Wetterberg, P., Franzen, S., Illingworth, C. H., Laks, J., Lozano-Ruiz, Á., Lueschow, A., et al. (2026) · The Clinical Neuropsychologist · doi:10.1080/13854046.2026.2652032 · Cited by 1
Duman, D. D., Duman, G., & Oral, G. (2023) · New Global Studies · doi:10.1515/ngs-2022-0032 · Cited by 1
Governing Religious Space: Exploring the Religion and Urban Planning Nexus
Gale, R. (2024) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-64811-3_24 · Cited by 1
СУЧАСНІ МІГРАЦІЙНІ ВИКЛИКИ: НАСЛІДКИ ДЛЯ УКРАЇНИ ТА КРАЇН ЄВРОПЕЙСЬКОГО СОЮЗУ
Миола, П. М. П., & Носачов, Є. (2025) · Національні інтереси України. · doi:10.52058/3041-1793-2025-3(8)-1169-1178 · Cited by 1
Douniès, T. (2025) · European Journal of Cultural and Political Sociology · doi:10.1162/ecps.a.3 · Cited by 1
Nielsen, R. Ø., Pettrachin, A., Martínez, V. J. P., Torres, L., Nemec, J., & Špaček, D. (2026) · Public Policy and Administration · doi:10.1177/09520767261428316 · Cited by 1
Immigration from Asian Countries to Russia: a Regional Aspect
Mikryukov, N. Y. (2021) · DEMIS Demographic research · doi:10.19181/demis.2021.1.3.4 · Cited by 1
Introduction: Language Learning of Adult Migrants in Europe
Levine, G. S., & Mallows, D. (2021) · Educational linguistics · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-79237-4_1 · Cited by 1
Jaczewska, B. D. (2024) · Springer geography · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-60238-2_2 · Cited by 1
Palisson, J., Garcin, B., Maillet, D., Bourdage, R., Benrahmoune, K., Morzyglod, S., Joly, C., Belin, C., Mazoyer, J., & Narme, P. (2025) · Journal of Neuropsychology · doi:10.1111/jnp.12432 · Cited by 1
Familiengründung und Migration: Aussiedlerinnen und türkischstämmige Migrantinnen im Vergleich
Kreyenfeld, M. R., & Krapf, S. (2016) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-658-13166-1_8 · Cited by 1
Mackela, P. (2018) · Undergraduate Journal of Politics and International Relations · doi:10.22599/ujpir.46 · Cited by 1
Introduction: The Unexpected Legacy of the Post-World War II Migratory Regime
Zanfrini, L. (2018) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-01102-4_1 · Cited by 1
Il capitalismo è ancora progressivo?
Perrotta, C. (2020) · Studi e saggi · doi:10.36253/978-88-5518-208-9 · Cited by 1
Gajdošová, B., Orosová, O., Benka, J., Hal, G. F. V., Naydenova, V., Lukács, A., & Petkevičienė, J. (2020) · Journal of language and cultural education · doi:10.2478/jolace-2020-0013 · Cited by 1
Migration and Families in European Society
Zanfrini, L. (2021) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-73306-3_23 · Cited by 1
Schiller, M. (2021) · Identities · doi:10.1080/1070289x.2021.1909358 · Cited by 1
(2020) · The academy in exile book series · doi:10.14361/9783839450130 · Cited by 1
Life Cycle Surplus and Life Cycle Deficit of Immigrants versus Natives
Apostolova, P. C. T., Istenič, T., & Sambt, J. (2022) · Economic and business review · doi:10.15458/2335-4216.1296 · Cited by 1
(2020) · transcript Verlag eBooks · doi:10.1515/9783839450130 · Cited by 1
Derradji, H. (2022) · Technium Social Sciences Journal · doi:10.47577/tssj.v35i1.7002 · Cited by 1
van den Berg, L., & Mortelmans, D. (2022) · Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies · doi:10.1080/1369183x.2022.2132380 · Cited by 1
9. Finding Real and Fake Explanations
Green, S. (2023) · Cornell University Press eBooks · doi:10.1515/9781501771583-011 · Cited by 1
Kaplan, A., Mortelmans, D., Herbst‐Debby, A., & Endeweld, M. (2024) · Journal of Family Studies · doi:10.1080/13229400.2024.2441929 · Cited by 1
Life courses of immigrants and their descendants
Kleinepier, T. (2016) · Data Archiving and Networked Services (DANS)
Life satisfaction of immigrants across Europe: The role of social contacts
Arpino, B., & Valk, H. D. (2014) · Giornate di Studio sulla Popolazione 2015
Scherman, G. (2018) · Lund University Publications Student Papers (Lund University)
Boahen, S. (2018) · Gothenburg University Publications Electronic Archive (Gothenburg University)
Janssen, F., Kibele, E., Reus-Pons, M., Vandenheede, H., & de Valk, H. A. G. (2018) · Tijdschrift voor Gerontologie en Geriatrie · doi:10.1007/s12439-018-0267-3
Health care for immigrants in the context of economic crisis
Milionis, C. (2019) · Lancaster EPrints (Lancaster University) · doi:10.17635/lancaster/thesis/659
Public Broadcasting and Migration
Çömlekçi, M. F. (2019) · Advances in media, entertainment and the arts (AMEA) book series · doi:10.4018/978-1-7998-0210-5.ch001
ICT Use by Refugees : The Role of Technology in Refugee Mobility
Merdi, A. (2019)
Removing the Boundaries to Social Inclusion.
Linkogle, M. J. (2019) · Utrecht University Repository (Utrecht University)
Pons, F. I. C. (2020) · Revista de Historia Social y de las Mentalidades · doi:10.35588/rhsm.v24i1.4029
Bounded Inclusion: Race, Migration and the Making of the European Educational Space
Spina, N. (2020) · Comparative and International Education · doi:10.5206/cie-eci.v49i1.13436
Robinson, F. P. (2020) · Illinois Digital Environment for Access to Learning and Scholarship (University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign)
Liversage, A., Olsen, R. F., & Larsen, K. S. (2021) · Nordic Social Work Research · doi:10.1080/2156857x.2021.1874494 · Cited by 1
Introduction: The Case for Discrimination Research
Fibbi, R., Midtbøen, A. H., & Simon, P. (2021) · IMISCOE research series · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-67281-2_1
Mijn partner is (g)een vreemde vogel : Endogamie en relatieontbinding in België
van den Berg, L., & Mortelmans, D. (2020) · Relaties en Nieuwe Gezinnen · doi:10.21825/reng.v10i1
Khudoliy, A. (2021) · Advances in public policy and administration (APPA) book series · doi:10.4018/978-1-7998-9055-3.ch006
Fostering Inclusion for Ethnic, Religious, and Linguistic Minority Communities
(2022) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oso/9780197611609.003.0009
Migrants in the Labor Market: Implications for TVET
Alla-Mensah, J., Fakoush, H., McGrath, S., & Wedekind, V. (2018) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-49789-1_114-1
Migration along the Balkan route
Khudoliy, A. (2022) · Acta de Historia & Politica Saeculum XXI · doi:10.26693/ahpsxxi2021-2022.03.068
Are Immigrants More Left-Leaning than Natives?Preprint
Moriconi, S., Peri, G., & Turati, R. (2022) · SSRN Electronic Journal · doi:10.2139/ssrn.4175816
Migration Trajectories among Rural Households in Indonesia
Pitoyo, A. J., Ihwanudin, I., Sukamdi, S., Alfana, M. A. F., & Aryati, S. (2022) · Indonesian Journal of Geography · doi:10.22146/ijg.57819
The EU and Social Rights and Market Competition: 65 Years of History
Jorens, Y. (2022) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-18854-1_2
Mitigation and Adaptation: Analyzing and Shaping Demographic Change
Dahinden, M., & Groth, H. (2023) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-981-16-1914-4_177-1
ETHNO-RELIGIOUS AND POLITICAL DYNAMICS IN THE APPLICATION OF REFUGEE LAWS
Lawal, O. I. (2023) · IJRDO - Journal of Social Science and Humanities Research · doi:10.53555/sshr.v9i4.5626
Metadata
- Authors
- Van Mol, C., & de Valk, H.
- Venue
- IMISCOE Research Series
- Publisher
- Springer International Publishing
- Published
- 2016
- Pages
- 31-55
- ISSN
- 2364-4087 (ISSN-L)
- 2364-4095
- OpenAlex
- W2173459095
- Cited by
- 246
- References
- 61
- Citations by year
- 2026: 19 · 2025: 20 · 2024: 27 · 2023: 46 · 2022: 26 · 2021: 36 · 2020: 25 · 2019: 14 · 2018: 19 · 2017: 8 · 2016: 5
- FWCI
- 68.44
- Type
- book chapter
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- IMISCOE research series (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc)
- KNAW research portal (Royal Academy of Art and Sciences (KNAW)) (publishedVersion, other-oa)
- University of Groningen research database (University of Groningen / Centre for Information Technology) (publishedVersion)
- Data Archiving and Networked Services (DANS) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- VUBIR (Vrije Universiteit Brussel) (submittedVersion)
- University of Groningen research database (University of Groningen / Centre for Information Technology) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- FP7 Ideas: European Research Council (263829)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Migration, Refugees, and Integration
- Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Migration and Labor Dynamics
- Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Italian Social Issues and Migration
- Keywords
- European migration, immigration history, internal migration, migrant settlement patterns, migration determinants, migration motives, migrant origins, demographic characteristics of migrants, immigrants, migration flows
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review