Solar interior structure and luminosity variations
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
The Sun's luminosity 3.8 Ga was approximately 75% of its present-day value.
“As a result, the Sun's luminosity 3.8 Ga was approximately 75% of its present-day value (Gough 1981).”
From The Climate of Early Mars (2016) · cites this paper as Gough 1981
At 4 Ga ago, solar luminosity was 25 to 30% lower than today.
“At 4 Ga ago, solar luminosity was 25 to 30% lower than today (12, 13)”
From The Archean atmosphere (2020) · cites this paper as [12]
Solar evolution models show that the Sun was 25 to 30% fainter at 4 Ga ago.
“Solar evolution models show that the Sun was 25 to 30% fainter at 4 Ga ago (12, 13, 15).”
From The Archean atmosphere (2020) · cites this paper as [12]
During the Archean (approximately 3.8 to 2.5 billion years ago), the Sun's total luminosity was 75-82% of its current value.
“During the Archean, extending from approximately 3.8 to 2.5 billion years ago (Ga), the Sun's total luminosity was 75-82% of its current value (Gough 1981)”
From The young Sun's XUV-activity as a constraint for lower CO2-limits in the Earth's Archean atmosphere (2021) · cites this paper as Gough 1981
The citation lists haven’t been fetched yet
References 38 · Cited by 798
- Authors
- Gough, D. O.
- Affiliations
- University of Cambridge (GB)
- Corresponding author
- Gough, D. O.
- ORCID
- Gough, D. O.
- Venue
- Solar Physics
- Published
- 1981-11
- Volume
- 74
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 21-34
- ISSN
- 0038-0938 (ISSN-L)
- 1573-093X
- OpenAlex
- W1981281557
- Cited by
- 798
- References
- 38
- Citations by year
- 2026: 31 · 2025: 35 · 2024: 34 · 2023: 50 · 2022: 37 · 2021: 47 · 2020: 35 · 2019: 35 · 2018: 39 · 2017: 32 · 2016: 30 · 2015: 28 · 2014: 26 · 2013: 43 · 2012: 37
- FWCI
- 4.13
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Licence
- www.springer.com/tdm (tdm)
- Locations
- Solar Physics (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Physics and Astronomy › Astronomy and Astrophysics › Solar and Space Plasma Dynamics
- Physical Sciences › Physics and Astronomy › Astronomy and Astrophysics › Stellar, planetary, and galactic studies
- Physical Sciences › Physics and Astronomy › Astronomy and Astrophysics › History and Developments in Astronomy
- Keywords
- solar interior, solar luminosity variations, solar radius, solar composition, five-minute oscillations, ice ages, solar magnetic cycle, solar dynamo, solar flux variations, standard solar model
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
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