The DOI matches its Crossref record; 4 of the 4 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Effects of cyproterone acetate on sexual arousal patterns of pedophiles
Abstract
The antiandrogen treatment of sexual offenders has been shown to reduce the recidivism rate. The mechanism of action has been assumed to be through asexualization with its secondary effects on sexual behavior. This study shows that the mechanism may be more complex and may involve a differential effect on sexual arousal patterns. Treatment responses may differ in high and low plasma testosterone groups.
Overview
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In the citing paper
“Bradford 1993 and Cooper 1981 compared cyproterone acetate (CPA) with placebo;”
From Pharmacological interventions for those who have sexually offended or are at risk of offending (2015) · cites this paper as Bradford 1993
In the citing paper
“We assessed two studies as having an unclear risk due to lack of information (Langevin 1979), or changes to study protocol based on participants being allowed to change treatment phase (Bradford 1993).”
From Pharmacological interventions for those who have sexually offended or are at risk of offending (2015) · cites this paper as Bradford 1993
In the citing paper
“We did not undertake a meta-analysis because of the heterogeneity of interventions and outcome measures used, and because of concerns regarding carry-over effects from some cross-over studies, especially Bradford 1993.”
From Pharmacological interventions for those who have sexually offended or are at risk of offending (2015) · cites this paper as Bradford 1993
In the citing paper
“In Bradford 1993, we assessed the risk of bias as 'low' as reasons were supplied for the two participants who left (as well as details of their further conduct).”
From Pharmacological interventions for those who have sexually offended or are at risk of offending (2015) · cites this paper as Bradford 1993
In the citing paper
“These included concerns about a potential”
From Pharmacological interventions for those who have sexually offended or are at risk of offending (2015) · cites this paper as Bradford 1993
In the citing paper
“A statistically significant effect favouring treatment was found for the 'Sexual Activity Score' (calculated as the total number of orgasms reported for the week) (Bradford 1993).”
From Pharmacological interventions for those who have sexually offended or are at risk of offending (2015) · cites this paper as Bradford 1993
In the citing paper
“In the trial conducted by Bradford and colleagues, authors admit in the discussion that”
From Pharmacological interventions for those who have sexually offended or are at risk of offending (2015) · cites this paper as Bradford 1993
In the citing paper
“Investigators concluded that CPA was”
From Pharmacological interventions for those who have sexually offended or are at risk of offending (2015) · cites this paper as Bradford 1993
In the citing paper
“In terms of hormone profiles, measurement anomalies meant half of the prolactin data were unavailable for one study (Bradford 1993).”
From Pharmacological interventions for those who have sexually offended or are at risk of offending (2015) · cites this paper as Bradford 1993
In the citing paper
“Even when interventions were identical, we had concerns regarding differing length of treatment regimes and carry-over effects from cross-over studies, especially between Cooper 1981 (where CPA was administered in a 20-week cross-over trial with four-week periods of prescription or four weeks' placebo) and Bradford 1993, where treatment lasted more than a year and was delivered in blocks of”
From Pharmacological interventions for those who have sexually offended or are at risk of offending (2015) · cites this paper as Bradford 1993
In the citing paper
“Weight gain, however, was assessed as important with participants gaining an average of 3.1 kg throughout the duration of the trial.”
From Pharmacological interventions for those who have sexually offended or are at risk of offending (2015) · cites this paper as Bradford 1993
In the citing paper
“follow-up ran for up to 13 months.”
From Pharmacological interventions for those who have sexually offended or are at risk of offending (2015) · cites this paper as Bradford 1993
In the citing paper
“but recividism data do not appear to have been formally collected (Cooper 1981; Bradford 1993)”
From Pharmacological interventions for those who have sexually offended or are at risk of offending (2015) · cites this paper as Bradford 1993
In the citing paper
“CPA was assessed as effective in decreasing capacity for arousal, number of orgasms, and hormone levels (testosterone, luteinising hormone (LH), follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)), compared to placebo in two studies (Cooper 1981; Bradford 1993).”
From Pharmacological interventions for those who have sexually offended or are at risk of offending (2015) · cites this paper as Bradford 1993
In the citing paper
“as a significant improvement for this outcome was recorded from baseline to end-point for both active and placebo conditions, but not between active and placebo conditions.”
From Pharmacological interventions for those who have sexually offended or are at risk of offending (2015) · cites this paper as Bradford 1993
In the citing paper
“but in the larger study assessing CPA findings were less encouraging (Bradford 1993)”
From Pharmacological interventions for those who have sexually offended or are at risk of offending (2015) · cites this paper as Bradford 1993
In the citing paper
“this type of combined treatment was only examined in two studies (McConaghy 1988; Bradford 1993).”
From Pharmacological interventions for those who have sexually offended or are at risk of offending (2015) · cites this paper as Bradford 1993
In the citing paper
“Only one study formally measured anger and found no significant differences in a comparison between CPA and placebo (Bradford 1993)”
From Pharmacological interventions for those who have sexually offended or are at risk of offending (2015) · cites this paper as Bradford 1993
In the citing paper
“rebound hypersexuality may occur in placebo phases due to receptor hypersensitivity”
From Pharmacological interventions for those who have sexually offended or are at risk of offending (2015) · cites this paper as Bradford 1993
In the citing paper
“with three studies being able to correlate this to reduced plasma levels of testosterone (Cooper 1981; McConaghy 1988; Bradford 1993).”
From Pharmacological interventions for those who have sexually offended or are at risk of offending (2015) · cites this paper as Bradford 1993
In the citing paper
“and may take a month to normalise (Bradford 1993).”
From Pharmacological interventions for those who have sexually offended or are at risk of offending (2015) · cites this paper as Bradford 1993
In the citing paper
“the most recent that met our inclusion criteria was published two decades ago (Bradford 1993).”
From Pharmacological interventions for those who have sexually offended or are at risk of offending (2015) · cites this paper as Bradford 1993
In the citing paper
“Recidivism reported anecdotally in text (p 399)”
From Pharmacological interventions for those who have sexually offended or are at risk of offending (2015) · cites this paper as Bradford 1993
In the citing paper
“Abnormal sexual activity data reported as mean rank and Friedman ANOVA statistic”
From Pharmacological interventions for those who have sexually offended or are at risk of offending (2015) · cites this paper as Bradford 1993
In the citing paper
“Design: RCT (cross-over)”
From Pharmacological interventions for those who have sexually offended or are at risk of offending (2015) · cites this paper as Bradford 1993
Citations
Cites
MANOVA method for analyzing repeated measures designs: An extensive primer.
O'Brien, R. G., & Kaiser, M. K. (1985) · Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.1037/0033-2909.97.2.316 · Cited by 1,148
Testosterone, aggression, physical, and personality dimensions in normal adolescent males
Olweus, D., Mattsson, Å., Schalling, D., & Low, H. (1980) · Psychosomatic Medicine · doi:10.1097/00006842-198003000-00003 · Cited by 300
Bancroft, J., Tennent, G., Loucas, K., & Cass, J. (1974) · British Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1192/bjp.125.3.310 · Cited by 181
MURRAY, M. A. F., BANCROFT, J. H. J., ANDERSON, D. C., TENNENT, T. G., & CARR, P. J. (1975) · Journal of Endocrinology · doi:10.1677/joe.0.0670179 · Cited by 72
Research works printed but not linked: 40
- Abel, G. G., Barlow, D. H., Blanchard, E., and Guild, D. (1977). The components of rapists' sexual arousal.Arch. Gen. Psychiat. 34: 895?903. · DOI
- Abel, G. G., Becker, J., Murphy, W., and Flanagan, B. (1981). Identifying dangerous child molesters. In Stuart, R. B. (ed.),Violent Behaviour: Social Learning Approaches to Prediction, Management and Treatment Brunner-Mazel, New York.
- Abel, G. G., Blanchard, R., Becker, J., and Djenderedjian, A. (1978). Differentiating sexual aggressives with penile measures.Crim. Justice Behav. 5: 315?332.
- Barbaree, H. E., Marshall, W. L., and Lanthier, R. D. (1979). Deviant sexual arousal in rapists.Behav. Res. There. 17: 215?222. · DOI
- Bradford, J. M. W. (1983). Research on sex offenders.Psychiat. Clin. N. Am. 6(4): 715?733. · DOI
- Bradford, J. M. W. (1985). Organic treatments for the male sexual offender,Behav. Sci. Law. 3(4): 355?375. · DOI
- Bradford, J. M. W., and Bourget, D. (1987). Sexually aggressive men.Psychiat. J. Univ. Ottawa 12(3): 169?175.
- Bradford, J. M. W., and McLean, D. (1984). Sexual offenders, violence and testosterone: A clinical study.Can. J. Psychiat. 29: 335?343. · DOI
- Bradford, J. M. W., and Pawlak, A. (1987). Sadistic homosexual paedophilia: Treatment with cyproterone acetate a single case study.Can. J. Psychiat. 32: 22?31. · DOI
- Bradford, J. M. W., and Pawlak, A. (1993). Double-blind placebo crossover study of cyproterone acetate in the treatment of the paraphilias.Arch. Sex. Behav. 22: 383?402. · DOI
- Bremer, J. (1959). Asexualization?A Follow-Up Study of 244 Cases, MacMillan, New York
- Brown, W. A., and Davis, G. H. (1975). Serum testosterone and irritability in man.Psychosom. Med. 37: 87.
- Chapman, M. G. (1982). Side effects of antiandrogen therapy. In Jeffocoate, S. L., (ed.),Androgens and Antiandrogen Therapy Wiley, New York, pp. 169?178.
- Cooper, A. J. (1981). A placebo controlled study of the antiandrogen cyproterone acetate in deviant hypersexuality.Comprehen. Psychiat. 22: 458?464. · DOI · Paper page
- Cooper, A. J., Ismail, A. A., Phanjoo, A. L. and Love, D. L. (1972). Antiandrogen (cyproterone acetate) therapy in deviant hypersexuality.Br. J. Psychiat. 120: 59?63. · DOI
- Cremonocini, C., Viginati, E., and Libroia A. (1976). Treatment of hirsutism and acne in woman with two combinations cyproterone acetate and ethinyloestradiol.Acta Eur. Fertil. 7: 299?314.
- Davidson, P. R., and Malcolm, P. B. (1985). The reliability of the rape index: A rapist sample.Behav. Assess. 7: 283?292.
- Davies, T. D. (1974). Cyproterone acetate for male hypersexuality.J. Int. Med. Res. 2: 159?163. · DOI
- Ehrenkranz, J., Bliss, E., and Sheard, M. H. (1974). Plasma testosterone: Correlation with aggressive behaviour and social dominance in man.Psychosom. Med. 36: 469?475. · DOI
- Groth, A. N. (1979). Men who rape: The psychology of the offender. Plenum Press, New York. · DOI
- Groth, A. N., Burgess, A. W., and Holmstrom, L. L. (1977). Rape: Power, anger, and sexuality.Am. J. Psychiat. 134: 1239?1243. · DOI
- Kreuz, L. E., and Rose, R. M. (1972). Assessment of aggressive behaviour and plasma testosterone in a young criminal population.Psychosom. Med. 34: 321?332. · DOI
- Laschet, U., and Laschet, L. (1971). Psychopharmacotherapy of sex offenders with cyproterone acetate.Pharmakopsychiat. Neuropsychopharmakol. 4: 99?104. · DOI
- Laschet, U., and Laschet, L. (1975). Antiandrogens in the treatment of sexual deviations of men.J. Steroid Biochem. 6: 821?826. · DOI
- Liang, T., Tymoczko, J. L., Chan, K. M. B., Hung, H. C., and Liao S. (1977). Androgen action: Receptors and rapid responses. In Martini, L., and M. Motta (eds.),Androgens and Antiandrogens Raven, New York, pp. 77?89.
- Mainwaring, I. P. (1977). Modes of action of antiandrogens: A survey. In Martini, L., and M. Motta (eds.),Androgens and antiandrogens Raven, New York, 151?161.
- Malamuth, N. M., Check, J. V. P., and Briere, J. (1986). Sexual arousal in response to aggression: Ideological, aggressive and sexual correlates.J. Pers. Soc. Psychol. 50(2). 330?340. · DOI
- Meyer-Bahlburg, H. F. L., Nat, R., Boon, D. A., Sharma, M., and Edwards, J. A. (1974). Aggressiveness and testosterone measures in man.Psychosom. Med. 36: 269?274. · DOI
- Monti, P. M., Brown, W. A., and Corriveau, D. D. (1977). Testosterone and components of aggressive and sexual behavior in man.Am. J. Psychiat. 134: 692?694. · DOI
- Mothes, C., Lehnert, J., Samimi, F., and Ufer, J. (1971). Schering symposium uber sexual deviationen und ihre medikamentose Behandlung.Life Sci. 2: 65.
- Neumann, F. (1977). Pharmacology and potential use of cyproterone acetate.Hor. Metab. Res., 9: 1?13. · DOI
- Ott, F., and Hoffet, H. (1968). The influence of antiandrogens on libido, potency and testicular function.Schweiz. Med. Wochenschr. 98: 1812?1815.
- Persky, H., Smith, K. D., and Basu, G. K. (1971). Relation of psychologic measures of aggression and hostility to testosterone production in man.Psychosom. Med. 33: 265?277. · DOI
- Quinsey, V. L., and Chapman, T. C. (1982). Penile responses to nonsexual violence among rapists.Crim. Justice Behav. 9: 372?381. · DOI
- Quinsey, V. L., and Chapman, T. C. (1984). Stimulus control of rapist and non-sex offenders' sexual arousal.Behav. Assess. 6: 169?176.
- Rada, R. T. (1978). Classification of the rapist. In Rada, R. T., (ed.),Clinical Aspects of the Rapist Grune & Stratton, New York, pp. 117?132.
- Rada, R. T., Laws, D. R., and Kellner, R. (1976). Plasma testosterone levels in the rapist.Psychosom. Med. 38: 257?268. · DOI
- Scaramella, T. J., and Brown, W. A. (1978). Serum testosterone and aggressiveness in hockey players.Psychosom. Med. 40: 262?265. · DOI
- Schutz, R. W., and Gessarolli, M. E. (1987). The analysis of repeated measures designs involving multiple dependent variables.Res. Quart. Exercise Sport 58: 132?149. · DOI · Paper page
- Sturup, G. K. (1972). Castration: The total treatment. In Resnik, H. L. P., and Wolfgang, M. E. (eds),Sexual Behaviors: Social, Clinical and Legal Aspects Little, Brown, Boston, MA. pp. 361?382.
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Pharmacological interventions for those who have sexually offended or are at risk of offending
Khan, O., Ferriter, M., Huband, N., Powney, M. J., Dennis, J. A., & Duggan, C. (2015) · Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews · doi:10.1002/14651858.cd007989.pub2 · Cited by 144
Thibaut, F., Cosyns, P., Fedoroff, J. P., Briken, P., Goethals, K., Bradford, J. M. W., & The WFSBP Task Force on Paraphilias (2020) · The World Journal of Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1080/15622975.2020.1744723 · Cited by 109
Self-citation
Metadata
- Authors
- Bradford, J. M. W., & Pawlak, A.
- Affiliations
- University of Ottawa (CA)
- Royal Ottawa Mental Health Centre (CA)
- ORCID
- Bradford, John M. W.
- Venue
- Archives of Sexual Behavior
- Published
- 1993-12
- Volume
- 22
- Issue
- 6
- Pages
- 629-641
- ISSN
- 0004-0002 (ISSN-L)
- 1573-2800
- OpenAlex
- W2083101409
- Cited by
- 68
- References
- 4
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2024: 1 · 2022: 1 · 2021: 1 · 2020: 4 · 2019: 2 · 2018: 1 · 2017: 4 · 2016: 1 · 2015: 1 · 2014: 4 · 2013: 1 · 2012: 1
- FWCI
- 3.55
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Licence
- www.springer.com/tdm (tdm)
- Locations
- Archives of Sexual Behavior (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Psychopathy, Forensic Psychiatry, Sexual Offending
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Sexuality, Behavior, and Technology
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Sexual Differentiation and Disorders
- Keywords
- cyproterone acetate, pedophiles, sexual offenders, recidivism, plasma testosterone, treatment response
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Arousal, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Pedophilia, Sexual Behavior, Testosterone, Multivariate Analysis, Cyproterone Acetate
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
